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The BRAIN: Our Control Center Optic nerve Optic chiasm Optic tract Lateral geniculate nucleus Optic radiation Primary visual cortex Forebrain-Midbrain-Hindbrain 3 Divisions of the BRAIN ( see transparency) Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain LOCALIZTION FUNCTION All parts of the brain have tasks they are responsible for performing. HINDBRAIN Medulla: responsible for automatic functions such as breathing & heart rate. Pons: involved in attention, sleeping, waking, & dreaming. HINDBRAIN “lesser brain” regulates movement, balance/ coordination, & simple reflexes Cerebellum: MIDBRAIN Reticular Activating System: dense network of neurons that screens incoming information; allows us to be conscious/alert; drugs reduce activity Forebrain “inner chamber" relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex except for the sense of smell Thalamus: Forebrain “under” involved in emotions and drives such as fear, hunger, thirst, sex, aggression, caring for off spring- problems here lead to unusual eating & drinking Hypothalamus: Forebrain Pituitary Gland: releases hormones and regulates endocrine glands. Limbic System: a group of brain areas involved in emotional reactions and motivated behavior PARTS OF LIMBIC SYSTEM Amygdala: regulates emotion; very active when depressed or anxious Hippocampus: “sea horse” stores new information in memory Hippocampus The Brain: Our Universe Within Memory & Renewal Directions: While viewing the video clip, respond to the following questions below. 1. What part of the brain is involved in memory? 2. How do the limbic system & “sea horse” work together to form memories? 3. What part of Jeremy’s memory is lost? What part of Jeremy’s memory remains? 4. What role does the cortex play in memory? 5. Why can Jeremy remember how to perform skills? Forebrain Cortex: “bark” thin layer covering the cerebrum; very wrinkled, deep crevasses, higher level functioning, 3 mm thick & contains 2/3 of the brains cells Cerebral Corpus Callosum Bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres LOBES of the Cortex 4 lobes per hemi Occipital Parietal Temporal Frontal Lobes Responsibilities: Various senses and motor behaviors Occipital Lobes “in back of the head” Contain visual cortex “Pertaining to walls” Top of brain Receive info on pressure, pain, touch, & temperature in the somatosensory cortex Parietal Lobes “pertaining to the Temporal Lobes temple” Above ears Memory, perception, emotion, sound processing Wernicke’s Area of language comprehension Under skull in forehead Frontal Lobes Contains motor cortex which orders 600body muscles Broca’s Area of speech production Association Areas Areas responsible for shaping information into meaning wholes. Example: area in frontal lobe near the forehead is also known as the “executive area” responsible for problem solving and decision making