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Tissues Tissues – group of similar cell types that perform a common function The human body has four basic types of tissue: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Tissues – Epithelial Tissue Epithelium is tightly packed sheets of cells that line organs and outer surfaces, as well as the insides of hollow organs, vessels, and body cavities. Epithelial Tissue Epithelia are typically anchored on one face, but free on another The free side is typically exposed to the environment of body fluids Can be single layer or many layers thick Function in protection, secretion, and absorption Epithelial cells are continuously sloughing off and are replaced by cell division Tissues – Epithelial Tissue Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Tissues – Epithelial Tissue Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue – inside your cheek, skin cells Tissues – Epithelial Tissue Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue – kidney tubule cells Fourth Edition BIOLOGY Science for Life | with Physiology Colleen Belk • Virginia Borden Maier © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Lecture prepared by Jill Feinstein Richland Community College Tissues – Epithelial Tissue Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue – large intestine Tissues – Epithelial Tissue Many organs are lined with epithelial tissue Ciliated Pseudostratified Columar Epithelial Tissue - trachea Tissues– Connective Tissue Loosely organized and composed of cells embedded in a matrix Matrix is composed of protein fibers and ground substance Usually binds organs or tissues to one another Tissues – Connective Tissue Six different types: Loose connective tissue Adipose tissue Blood Fibrous connective tissue Cartilage Bone Tissues – Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue Most widespread tissue in animal body Matrix composed of collagen and elastin fibers It is called “loose” because of the fibers that are loosely woven together Binds epithelia to tissues, pads the skin, and holds organs in place Loose connective tissue Tissues – Connective Tissue Adipose tissue Also called fat Connects skin to underlying structures, pads organs Used for storage of energy (fat) Primarily cells; small amount of matrix Adipose tissue Tissues – Connective Tissue Blood Cellular component, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets Matrix is the plasma Functions include carrying oxygen and nutrients; fighting infection Blood Blood Blood Tissues – Connective Tissue Fibrous connective tissue Forms tendons and ligaments Matrix is densely packed collagen fibers running in parallel. Fibrous connective tissue Nuclei of fibroblasts Tissues – Connective Tissue Cartilage Cellular component chondrocytes Chondrocytes secrete own matrix Cartilage cushions joints, forms support for ears and nose Not vascularized, so takes a long time to heal if injured Cartilage Damaged Cartilage Tissues – Connective Tissue Bone Rigid connective tissue Osteoblasts secrete matrix that is composed of collagen fibers and calcium salts Osteocytes maintain the hardened bone matrix Body can make use of calcium from bones if dietary levels are too low Bone Tissues – Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Usually attached to bone Produces all voluntary movements Striated Long, thin, cylindrical shape Striated (Skeletal) Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Smooth muscle Not striated and involuntary Musculature of organs, blood vessels, digestive tract Contracts more slowly and for longer than skeletal muscle Cardiac Muscle Tissues – Nervous Tissue Neurons conduct electrical signals and compose the cells of the brain and spinal cord Main functions of neurons are to: Sense stimuli Process stimuli Transmit signals Most cells of nervous system do not undergo cell division Tissues – Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue Tissues – Tissue Donation One person’s tissues can improve the lives of as many as 50 people. Injuries from motor vehicle accidents, burst blood vessels, and drowning are common causes of brain death. Once dead, brain cells cannot recover. Brain dead is different than being in a coma or vegetative state. Tissues can be treated to remove any proteins that a person’s immune system may react to so there is no need for donor matching. Tissues – Tissue Donation Types of tissues Corneas Eye tissue Skin Bones Tendons Veins Heart valves