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Transcript
Fighting in Europe 1939-1941 Germany invades Poland Sep. 1, 1039 Violation of appeasement (Munich agreement) with France & Britain Hitler-Stalin Pact- agreement to attack and divide Poland. Declaration of War Blitzkrieg- “lightning war” quick German victories in western Europe in 1940 Axis Powers form- Germany, Italy, & Japan Allied Powers (United Nations)- Britain, France, Soviet Union Italy invaded France & declared war on Britain, France collapsed in 1940 to Germany & Italy The U.S. in WWII 1940 The Neutrality Acts were lifted Selective Service Act of 1940 (for defense) Lend-Lease Act- arms and other material was “loaned” to Britain & Soviet Union The US believed Germany & Italy were evil, but had reservations about entering the war The U.S. in WWII America Goes to War Attack on Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941 “A date that will live in infamy” U.S. declared war on Japan, Germany, & Italy Eisenhower leader of the Allied Army in Europe The War in Europe Casablanca 1942 Will only accept unconditional Surrender The underbelly of Europe “Operation Torch” Allied assault on Northern Africa General George Patton "An Army is a team; lives, sleeps, eats, fights as a team. This individual heroic stuff is a lot of crap." September 8, 1943 Italy unconditional surrender The Western Front opened in France on June 6, 1944 (D-Day) The War in Europe VE-Day: Germany is defeated after Hitler’s suicide in May 1945 Yalta Conferencepostwar plans were made War-time alliance is openly breaking up The Homefront Civilian Contributions: Americans “fought” the war at home Rationing of essentials Buying war bonds working long hours “Rosie the Riveter” women join the workforce assuming nontraditional roles Minorities in WWII American Indians make up highest % Mexican-Americans receive high % of Medals of Honor African-Americans fight in segregated units Propaganda All the warring nations used propaganda to win support for their policies. Governments aimed propaganda at their own people and at the enemy. Radio broadcasts reached the largest audiences. Motion pictures, posters, and cartoons were also used for propaganda purposes. During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Japan fought Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States, and the other Allies. All of the major powers spread far reaching propaganda. The United States had two primary propaganda agencies. The Office of War Information handled overt propaganda, and the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) carried on covert operations. “Loose lips sink ships!” The War in the Pacific The War in the Pacific Tensions with Japan Bushido warrior code Death over “loss of face” Slaughtered 300,000 civilians in Nanking 1937 Attack on US Gunboat Panay US Embargos (economic pressure) 1940 embargo of fuel and military products 1941 froze Japanese assets and ended all trade The War in the Pacific Attack on Pearl Harbor Simultaneous attacks on Pearl Harbor, the Philippines and Malaysia Methodically took out American air power and sunk or damaged every battleship in the harbor 3 aircraft carriers were spared because they were out on maneuvers Later, all but the USS Arizona were salvaged and returned to action More that 2,400 Americans were killed The War in the Pacific Japan’s conquest of the Philippines Douglas Mac Arthur leader of the Allied Army in the Pacific “I shall return” Island Hopping- cut Japanese supply lines by capturing key islands The War in the Pacific 1942 Tides turn on Japan Doolittle raid (April) Showed Japanese homeland was not safe Forced Japanese to capture more islands to the south and east Battle of the Coral Sea (May) Stopped Japanese advancement to Australia Fought by fighter jets based on aircraft carriers Battle of Midway (June) US cracked Japanese naval code First Allied victory The War in the Pacific The Bloodiest Battles 1945 Iwo Jima (25,000) Okinawa (50,000) Kamikazes- suicide bomb loaded planes Navajo Code Talkers 442nd Regimental Combat Team Japanese-American Most decorate division of the war Japanese Internment Fear of Japanese sympathy & sabotage Government removed 110,000 Japanese-Americans from the West coast to detention centers Were given only 48 hours to make arrangements Life in the Camps living quarters were searched for “weapons” worked in low paying jobs edited education (Constitution) little to no privacy Despite this experience, many stayed loyal to the U.S. The End of the War Japan refuses unconditional surrender The Dropping of the Bomb Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) Killed 150,000 people Japanese Surrender September 2, 1945 Compare/Contrast World Wars WWI Event Impact WWII Event Impact Causes Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Empire Peace of Paris, Empire, Nationalism, Dictators Technology Airplanes, machine guns, poison gas Radar, jets, helicopters, atomic bomb US Involvement British propaganda, Zimmerman Note, German submarine warfare Bombing of Pearl Harbor, impending threat of Germany Treaties Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations Yalta Conference, United Nations Reparations War Guilt Clause Military occupation Topic Compare/Contrast World Wars WWI Event Impact WWII Event Impact Causes Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Empire Peace of Paris, Empire, Nationalism, Dictators Technology Airplanes, machine guns, poison gas Radar, jets, helicopters, atomic bomb US Involvement British propaganda, Zimmerman Note, German submarine warfare Bombing of Pearl Harbor, impending threat of Germany Treaties Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations Yalta Conference, United Nations Reparations War Guilt Clause Military occupation Topic Chain of events cause a world war, all nations to blame Aggressor nations take over Europe and Asia Compare/Contrast World Wars WWI Event Impact WWII Event Impact Causes Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Empire Chain of events cause a world war, all nations to blame Peace of Paris, Empire, Nationalism, Dictators Aggressor nations take over Europe and Asia Technology Airplanes, machine guns, poison gas Old fighting techniques, massive casualties Radar, jets, helicopters, atomic bomb Modern warfare, swift victories US Involvement British propaganda, Zimmerman Note, German submarine warfare Bombing of Pearl Harbor, impending threat of Germany Treaties Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations Yalta Conference, United Nations Reparations War Guilt Clause Military occupation Topic Compare/Contrast World Wars WWI Event Impact WWII Event Impact Causes Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Empire Chain of events cause a world war, all nations to blame Peace of Paris, Empire, Nationalism, Dictators Aggressor nations take over Europe and Asia Technology Airplanes, machine guns, poison gas Old fighting techniques, massive casualties Radar, jets, helicopters, atomic bomb Modern warfare, swift victories US Involvement British propaganda, Zimmerman Note, German submarine warfare Isolationism, Neutrality Acts Bombing of Pearl Harbor, impending threat of Germany Emerge as a Super Power Treaties Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations Yalta Conference, United Nations Reparations War Guilt Clause Military occupation Topic Compare/Contrast World Wars WWI Event Impact WWII Event Impact Causes Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Empire Chain of events cause a world war, all nations to blame Peace of Paris, Empire, Nationalism, Dictators Aggressor nations take over Europe and Asia Technology Airplanes, machine guns, poison gas Old fighting techniques, massive casualties Radar, jets, helicopters, atomic bomb Modern warfare, swift victories US Involvement British propaganda, Zimmerman Note, German submarine warfare Isolationism, Neutrality Acts Bombing of Pearl Harbor, impending threat of Germany Emerge as a Super Power Treaties Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations Harsh treatment of losers, League of Nations powerless Yalta Conference, United Nations UN Successful organization Reparations War Guilt Clause Topic Military occupation Compare/Contrast World Wars WWI Event Impact WWII Event Impact Causes Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Empire Chain of events cause a world war, all nations to blame Peace of Paris, Empire, Nationalism, Dictators Aggressor nations take over Europe and Asia Technology Airplanes, machine guns, poison gas Old fighting techniques, massive casualties Radar, jets, helicopters, atomic bomb Modern warfare, swift victories US Involvement British propaganda, Zimmerman Note, German submarine warfare Isolationism, Neutrality Acts Bombing of Pearl Harbor, impending threat of Germany Emerge as a Super Power Treaties Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations Harsh treatment of losers, League of Nations powerless Yalta Conference, United Nations UN Successful organization Reparations War Guilt Clause Depression Military occupation Cold War Topic