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World War II Ch. 13-1 Lesson 1: World War II Terms • Activity 1: With your group, create a 1-3 minute skit which that demonstrates the meaning of your assigned term. (Act it out) Each member of the group should write the script for your skit in their notebook. Intro to World War II • What do you What are unsure know? of? What do you want to know? World War II Ch. 13-1 • Lesson 1: From Versailles to Pearl Harbor • The little girl story • Activity 1: As we view the following slides, take notes under each one as we discuss the information that pertains to it. Rise of Fascist Italy • Italians were bitter after WWI because they • • • • • • were left out of the “spoils of war” Benito Mussolini became dictator of Italy in 1922 and established a fascist state Allowed no other political parties and crushed opponents His government controlled newspapers, schools, and businesses Modernized agriculture and industry Looked to expand its country by conquering Ethiopia in 1935 League of Nation did nothing to stop the invasion World War II Ch. 13-1 Lesson 1: Europe Moves Towards War • Activity 1: For each event, read the explanation • on your handout as you do the following: **With your partner, brainstorm answers to the two questions for each event and answer in your notebook. (1-4) • You will add additional notes under activity 1 in your notebook when we discuss each event (14) Event A: Treaty of Versailles • Germany Faces Economic Collapse • - Germany was forced to pay for the war • • • • • • • (32 billion dollars in reparations) - the Great Depression compounded its economic problems - there were food shortages and riots in the streets for food and jobs - political upheaval - severe inflation (took one billion marks to make one dollar) U.S. favored isolationism at this time (did not join the League of Nations, focus on economy) U.S. insisted on repayment of its debts Event B: Rise of Hitler and Nazi Threat • - Hitler believed Germany had been sold out by • • • • • the Weimar Republic and became an extreme nationalist - Joined a political party known as the National Socialists, or Nazis - Organized a revolt in 1923 that failed and he was sent to prison - Hitler outlined his plans in a book called Mein Kampf “My Struggle” - blamed intellectuals, Communists, and Jews for Germany’s defeat and postwar problems - wanted to unite all Germans in Europe into his empire consisting of the “Aryan” race. Event B • 1933 National Socialistic Party (Nazis) won 37 percent of the vote in national elections • - Hitler seized absolute power and became a fascist dictator • 1933-1934 Hitler reduced unemployment by 2 million through state spending • - highways were built, farmers were guaranteed prices, weapons factories built along with the German military (which was a violation of the Versailles treaty) Event C: Rise of Japanese Imperialism • Japan had desires to become a world power in the 1920s but lacked natural resources and territory • 1931 Japanese army invades Manchuria without approval of the government • League of Nations condemned this move so Japan withdrew from the League World War II Ch. 13-1/2 Lesson 2: The War Begins • Activity 1: Listen to the following story and then • • • • • answer the following questions: 1. What do you think will happen next? 2. Why do you think the father gives in to his daughter? 3. Who is to blame for the child’s selfishness? Why? 4. How would you have dealt with the daughter? 5. How does this story relate to the events evolving in Europe? • Activity 2: Using pg 392 “Hitler Takes Action” and continuing through Section 2 “Hitler Attacks Poland”, create a time-line of the early military actions and beginning events of the war. Date Explanation of the event Activity 2: • Create a skit which demonstrates the meeting that took place between Adolph Hitler and Neville Chamberlain. Write the dialogue in your notebook and be prepared to act it out! WWII Ch 14-4 • Lesson 3: The U.S. Enters the War Events leading Up to attack Missed Attack Opportunities itself Lesson 4: Mobilizing for War • Activity 1: With your partners, read the • information about your assigned WWII group. Write down five significant points that the class should understand about the role or experience of your group in WWII Your group will then explain two significant facts that you think the class should know Lesson 4: Major World War II Events • For each event, do the following in your notebook: • Name of Major events Person Significance • Exhibit of battle honored of battle Lesson : Japanese American Internment • Activity 1: With your partner, read concern A and take notes under activity 1. Then, choose A-E and explain your choice in a paragraph. • Activity 2: Concern B • Activity 3: Concern C Group 1: U.S. Alliance with Great Britain and the Soviet Union The U.S. had supported Great Britain before the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Soviet Union joined the Allies after Hitler broke his non-aggression pact and attacked on June 22, 1941 Soviet Union wanted allies to open second front but Churchill advised attacking the softunderbelly through North Africa and Italy in July 1942 Meanwhile millions of Soviets were dying Group 2: The Allied Invasion of Northwestern Europe • Attack was planned for a 60 mile stretch along the Normandy coast • • • • • • • • • • • • in France across the English Channel from Great Britain June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord (D-Day) - June 5th was supposed to be the day, however bad weather set in - Goal was to drive the Germans out of France and defeat the Nazis - largest amphibious invasion in history - More than 150,000 Allied soldiers in 600 warships and 4,000 other vessels crossed the English channel - 822 aircraft, carrying parachutists - came ashore along 60 miles of the Normandy coast in northern France Germans expected an attack but though it was coming at Calais - Calais was the where the English Channel was most narrow Group 3: The Battle of the Bulge • - After liberating Paris, the Allies began to push • • • • • through Belgium and France toward Germany itself - Hitler refused to give up, and launched a desperate attempt to split the advancing Allied armies - 25 divisions of the German army attacked and almost broke through Allied lines - Americans were surprised and outnumbered, without air support, losses were heavy but the Allies held. 77, 000 deaths - last offensive move from Germans Group 4: Allied Victory in Europe Hitler was obsessed with defeating the Allies in the west and refused to send reinforcements to the east The “Big Three” met and agreed that Soviets would control the east and U.S./Britain the west. Hitler commits suicide as Allies close in May 8th, 1945 known as V-E Day Celebrations were combined with the horror of the the Nazi concentration camps. Group 5.: U.S. Strategy in the Pacific War • Japan attacked Pacific territories controlled by • • • • • the U.S. as they bombed Pearl Harbor Many areas fell but American forces in Philippines fought back under Gen MacArthur. MacArthur was ordered to leave and U.S. surrenders Bataan Death March- 70,000 U.S. and Filipinos march 60 miles….14,000 die Island hopping strategy- attack certain islands and hop over others where forces were stronger Doolittle Raid- attack on Tokyo…..raised American morale and shocked Japan Group 6: Turning Points of the Pacific War • Battle of the Coral Sea- battle of aircraft • • carriers, fighters bombers. Both sides inflicted heavy damage. U.S. forced a Japanese retreat Battle of Midway- Japan devised a complex plan to attack Midway Island. Japan hoped to draw U.S. fleet away from Pearl Harbor. U.S. intercepted Japanese code and were able to decode secret plans. Japan was taken by surprise. U.S. gained a victory and upper hand in the Pacific for the first time. Group 7: Battle of Iwo Jima • 1943-1944 U.S. gain many island victories. Fighting • • • • • filled with danger such as monsoons, malaria, high temps, and even an earthquake. Iwo Jima- Early 1945 fighting entered its final phase. U.S. needed an airbase to launch attacks on Japanese mainland. Island was volcanic and 4 mile long, 2 mile wide 23,000 well entrenched and concealed Japanese troops protected the island (underground tunnel system and caves) Japanese were committed to no surrender. U.S. suffer 22, 000 casualties and 5300 deaths. Islands of Okinawa and the Philippines fall soon after Iwo Jima Group 8: The End of World War II • The U.S. Air Force firebombed numerous Japanese cities • • • • • • • to weaken their defenses in preparation for an attack on the mainland March 1945 raid killed 80,000 people U.S. Navy cut off Japan’s food and other supplies Japan counters with suicide missions called kamikaze (dive bombing of American warships) Total costs: 300,000 Americans died and 700,000 wounded 50 million lives overall were lost U.S. played a major role in stopping Hitler and his horrific genocide. U.S. stopped Japan’s conquest of the Pacific Lesson: 5 The decision to drop the atomic bomb • Activity 1: • Read each decision and take notes. Then, answer the critical-thinking question in a paragraph explaining your point of view. Activity 2: • Read the Documents Based Investigation on pp 458-459. Then, answer the questions in your notebook.