Download the united states in world war ii

COPY YOUR HOMEWORK
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Chapter 17 Section 1
Read Pages 562 – 567
Answer Main Idea Questions A – C
Complete the Skillbuilder #1 -2 page 564
Complete the Skillbuilder #1 -2 page 566
Copy the Terms & Names into your
notebook.
OPENING ASSIGNMENT
• After Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, the US
entered the war. Americans needed to mobilize a
depressed peacetime country for war. The US
needed to produce the workers, soldiers,
weapons, and equipment that will help win the
war.
• How can the United States use its resources to
achieve victory?
• How can government encourage businesses to
convert to wartime production?
• What sacrifices will Americans be willing to
make?
• How can the military attract recruits?
• Essential Learning Goal:
• The Second World War caused dramatic changes for
the citizens of the US and to the US’ position as a
world power.
• Learning Targets:
• I can explain how volunteerism, the Selective Service
System, and the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps
(WAAC) helped provide necessary military personnel.
• I can identify the impact of industry in converting from
a peacetime economy to a wartime economy.
• I can explain how the Office of Scientific Research and
Development (OSRD) begins to shape a brave new
world.
• I can identify the importance of the Office of Price
Administration (OPA), War Production Board (WPB),
and rationing in preparing the US for wartime.
THE UNITED STATES
IN WORLD WAR II
AMERICA
TURNS THE
TIDE
SECTION 1: MOBILIZING FOR
DEFENSE
• After Japan attacked Pearl
Harbor, they thought
America would avoid
further conflict with them.
• The Japan Times
newspaper said America
was “trembling in their
shoes”.
• But if America was
trembling, it was with rage,
not fear.
• “Remember Pearl Harbor”
was the rallying cry as
America entered WWII
AMERICANS RUSH TO ENLIST
• After Pearl Harbor five million Americans enlisted
to fight in the war.
• The Selective Service expanded the draft and
eventually provided an additional 10 million
soldiers.
WOMEN JOIN THE FIGHT
• Army Chief of Staff
General George
Marshall pushed for the
formation of the
Women’s Auxiliary
Army Corps (WAAC).
• Under this program
women worked in noncombat roles such as
nurses, ambulance
drivers, radio
operators, and pilots.
ALL AMERICANS FOUGHT
Despite discrimination at
home, minority populations
contributed to the war effort.
These “Golden 13” Great Lakes officers
scored the highest marks ever on the
Officers exam in 1944
• 1,000,000 African Americans
served in the military.
• 300,000 Mexican-Americans.
• 33,000 Japanese Americans.
The most decorated
American combat unit in
WWII, the 442nd Regimental
Combat Team composed of
Japanese-Americans.
• 25,000 Native Americans.
• 13,000 Chinese Americans.
1/5 of all Chinese American
men served.
A PRODUCTION MIRACLE
• Americans converted
their auto industry into
a war industry.
• The nation’s
automobile plants
began to produce
tanks, planes, boats,
and command cars.
• Many other industries
also converted to warrelated supplies.
LABOR’S
CONTRIBUTION
• By 1944, nearly 18
million workers were
laboring in war
industries (3x the
number in 1941).
• More than 6 million
of these were
women and nearly 2
million were
minority.
MOBILIZATION OF SCIENTISTS
• In 1941, FDR created the Office of Scientific
Research and Development (OSRD) to bring
scientists into the war effort.
• Focus was on radar and sonar to locate
submarines.
• Also the scientists worked on penicillin and
pesticides like DDT.
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• The most important
achievement of the
OSRD was the secret
development of the
atomic bomb.
• Einstein wrote to FDR
warning him that the
Germans were
attempting to develop
such a weapon.
• The code name for the
American efforts to
build the bomb was
the “Manhattan
Project”.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
TAKES CONTROL OF
INFLATION
• With prices of goods
threatening to rise out
of control, FDR
responded by creating
the Office of Price
Administration (OPA).
• The OPA froze prices
on most goods and
encouraged the
purchase of war
bonds to fight
inflation.
WAR PRODUCTION BOARD
• To ensure the troops
had ample resources,
FDR created the WPB.
• The WPB decided
which companies
would convert to
wartime production
and how to best
allocate raw materials
to those industries.
COLLECTION DRIVES
• The WPB also
organized nationwide
drives to collect scrap
iron, tin cans, paper,
rags and cooking fat
for recycling.
• Additionally, the OPA
set up a system of
rationing.
• Households had set
allocations of scarce
goods – gas, meat,
shoes, sugar, and
coffee.
WWII Poster
encouraging
conservation
Daily Review
1. Why were the Selective Service System and the
Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps necessary supplements
to the volunteers who entered the US military during
WWII.
2. How did the US economy transition from peacetime to
wartime?
3. How did the US government assist in regulating the
economy?
4. What types of items were rationed during the war?
5. How did the Office of Scientific Research and
Development help create a new wonder weapon?
Opening Assignment
• If you were absent yesterday, copy
assignment from the board.
• Turn in yesterday’s classwork if you
haven’t.
• Why do you feel that President FDR
would decide to focus the United States
efforts on helping the British defeat the
Germans and Italians before focusing
on the Japanese?
Opening Assignment
• If you were testing yesterday, please
copy the assignment from the board.
• Why do you feel that President FDR
would decide to focus the United States
efforts on helping the British defeat the
Germans and Italians before focusing
on the Japanese?
• Answer: the Atlantic Charter, the British
were facing serious difficulties, we were
more interested in helping the British
• Essential Learning Goal:
• The Second World War caused dramatic changes for
the citizens of the US and to the US’ position as a
world power.
• Learning Targets:
• I can identify the geographic locations for the
following battles of World War II; The Battle of the
Atlantic, the Battle of Stalingrad, the war in North
Africa, the Italian Campaign, D-Day, and the Battle of
the Bulge.
• I can explain how the American and British invasions
of North Africa, Italy, and France took pressure off the
Soviet Union and allowed the Allies to defeat the Axis.
• I can identify the Allied leaders; Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Omar Bradley, George Patton, and Harry S. Truman.
SECTION 2: THE WAR FOR
EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA
• Days after Pearl Harbor, British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill arrived at the White House and
spent three weeks working out war plans with
FDR
• They decided to focus on defeating Hitler first
and then turn their attention to Japan
THE BATTLE OF THE
ATLANTIC
The power of the German submarines was
great, and in two months' time almost two
million tons of Allied ships were resting on
the ocean floor. Efforts were soon made to
restrict German sub activities.
• After America’s entry
into the war, Hitler was
determined to prevent
foods and war supplies
from reaching Britain
and the USSR from
America’s east coast
• He ordered submarine
raids on U.S. ships on
the Atlantic
• During the first four
months of 1942 Germany
sank 87 U.S. ships
• In the first seven months
of 1942, German U-boats
sank 681 Allied ships in
the Atlantic
• Something had to be done
or the war at sea would be
lost
• First, Allies used convoys
of ships & airplanes to
transport supplies
• Destroyers used sonar to
track U-boats
• Airplanes were used to
track the U-boats ocean
surfaces
• With this improved
tracking, Allies inflicted
huge losses on German Uboats
ALLIES
CONTROL
U-BOATS
U-426 sinks after attack from the
air, January 1944. Almost twothirds of all U-boat sailors died
during the Battle of the Atlantic.
THE EASTERN FRONT &
MEDITERRANEAN
Battle of Stalingrad was a huge
Allied victory
• Hitler wanted to wipe
out Stalingrad – a major
industrial center
• In the summer of 1942,
the Germans took the
offensive in the
southern Soviet Union
• By the winter of 1943,
the Allies began to see
victories on land as well
as sea
• The first great turning
point of the war was the
Battle of Stalingrad
BATTLE OF
STALINGRAD
• For weeks the Germans pressed in on
Stalingrad
• Then winter set in and the Germans
were wearing summer uniforms
• The Germans surrendered in January of
1943
Wounded in the
Battle of Stalingrad
• The Soviets
lost more
than
1 million
men in the battle (more
than twice the number of deaths the U.S.
suffered in all the war)
THE NORTH
AFRICAN FRONT
•
“Operation
Torch” – an
invasion of Axis controlled North Africa -was launched by
American General Dwight
D. Eisenhower in 1942
• Allied troops landed in
Casablanca, Oran and
the Algiers in Algeria
• They sped eastward
chasing the Afrika Korps
led by German General
Erwin Rommel
American tanks roll in the
deserts of Africa and defeat
German and Axis forces
Allied
troops
landed
in Casablanca,
Oran
and the
Algiers
CASABLANCA MEETING
FDR and Churchill in
Casablanca
• FDR and Churchill
met in Casablanca
and decided their
next moves
• 1) Plan amphibious
invasions of Italy
and France
• 2) Only
unconditional
surrender would be
accepted
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN –
ANOTHER ALLIED VICTORY
• The Italian Campaign got off
to a good start as the Allies
easily took Sicily
• At that point King
Emmanuel III stripped
Mussolini of his power and
had him arrested
• However, Hitler’s forces
continued to resist the
Allies in Italy
• Heated battles ensued and
it wasn’t until 1945 that Italy
was secured by the Allies
TUSKEGEE
AIRMEN
• Among the brave
men who fought in
Italy were pilots of
the all-black 99th
squadron – the
Tuskegee Airmen
• The pilots made
numerous effective
strikes against
Germany and won
two distinguished
Unit Citations
On May 31, 1943, the 99th Squadron, the first group of African-American
pilots trained at the Tuskegee Institute, arrived in North Africa
ALLIES LIBERATE EUROPE
Allies sent
fake coded
messages
indicating
they would
attack here
• Even as the Allies were battling for Italy, they began plans
on a dramatic invasion of France
• It was known as “Operation Overlord” and the overall
commander was American General Dwight D. Eisenhower
and General Omar Bradley commanded the Americans.
• Also called “D-Day,” the operation involved 3 million U.S.,
British & Canadian troops and was set for June 6, 1944
D-DAY JUNE
6, 1944
D-Day was an amphibious landing –
soldiers going from sea to land
• D-Day was the
largest land-sea-air
operation in
military history
• Despite air support,
German retaliation
was brutal –
especially at
Omaha Beach
• Within a month, the
Allies had landed
1 million troops,
567,000 tons of
supplies and
170,000 vehicles
OMAHA BEACH 6/6/44
Landing at Normandy
Planes drop paratroopers behind enemy lines at Normandy, France
We will watch the Omaha beach landing
from Saving Private Ryan.
Watch this clip of paratroopers fighting
on D-Day. The clip is from the HBO
series Band of Brothers, a story of
Easy Company of the 506th parachute
infantry regiment from the 101st
Airborne division.
Losses
were
extremely
heavy on
D-Day
•
Liberation of
FRANCE
By September 1944,
the Allies had freed
France, Belgium and
Luxembourg
• That good news – and
the American’s
people’s desire not to
“change horses in
midstream” – helped
elect FDR to an
unprecedented 4th
term
General George Patton (right)
was instrumental in the Allies
freeing France
VS.
Classwork Due this Period!!
1. Draw a map of the following geographic locations for the
following battles of World War II:
• The Battle of the Atlantic
• the Battle of Stalingrad
• the war in North Africa
• the Italian Campaign
• D-Day
2. Explain how the American and British invasions of North
Africa, Italy, and France took pressure off the Soviet
Union and allowed the Allies to defeat the Axis.
3. Identify the Allied leaders;
Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, & George Patton.
HOMEWORK
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Chapter 17 Section 2
Read Pages 569 – 577
Main Ideas A – F
SkillBuilder Page 572 #1 – 2
SkillBuilder Page 575 #1 – 2
Define the Terms & Names into your
notebook.
Opening Assignment
• Take out classwork from Tues.
• How did the western Allies relieve
pressure on the Soviets? Where?
• Review the geographic locations
discussed yesterday on the map you
drew or page 572.
BATTLE OF THE
BULGE
• In October 1944,
Americans captured
their first German town
(Aachen)– the Allies
were closing in
• Hitler responded with
one last ditch massive
offensive
• Hitler hoped breaking
through the Allied line
would break up Allied
supply lines
BATTLE OF THE
• The battle raged for a
BULGE month – the Germans
The Battle of the Bulge was
Germany’s last gasp to stop the
western Allies advance
had been pushed back
• Little seemed to have
changed, but in fact
the Germans had
sustained heavy
losses
• Germany lost 120,000
troops, 600 tanks and
1,600 planes
• From that point on the
Nazis could do little
but retreat
ALLIES TAKE BERLIN; HITLER
COMMITS SUICIDE
• By April 25, 1945, the Soviet
army stormed Berlin
• In his underground
headquarters in Berlin, Hitler
prepared for the end
• On April 29, he married his
longtime girlfriend Eva Braun
then wrote a last note in
which he blamed the Jews for
starting the war and his
generals for losing it
• The next day he gave poison
to his wife and shot himself
V-E DAY
• Victory in Europe Day
• General Eisenhower
accepted the
unconditional
surrender of the Third
Reich
• On May 8, 1945, the
Allies celebrated V-E
Day – victory in
Europe Day
• The war in Europe
was finally over
Famous
picture of
an
American
sailor
celebrating
the end of
the war
FDR DIES; TRUMAN
PRESIDENT
• President
Roosevelt did
not live to see
V-E Day
• On April 12,
1945, he suffered
a stroke and
died– his VP
Harry S Truman
became the
nation’s 33rd
president
Daily Review
• Create a sketch map of the European
theater of WWII. Label the places
discussed in the lesson today.
• Who were the following men; Dwight D.
Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, George
Patton, and Harry S. Truman?
Homework
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Chapter 17 Section 3
Read Pages 578 – 587
Main Idea Questions A – E
SkillBuilder Page 580 #1 – 2
SkillBuilder Page 582 #1 – 2
Define the Terms & Names
into your notebook.
Opening Assignment
• What issues might the American
military face fighting the Japanese in
the Pacific Theater that are different
than the issues faced in fighting the
Germans in the European Theater?
Opening Assignment
• What issues might the American
military face fighting the Japanese in
the Pacific Theater that are different
than the issues faced in fighting the
Germans in the European Theater?
– Different enemy, different terrain,
different branch of the military was
most important.
• Essential Learning Goal:
• The Second World War caused dramatic changes for
the citizens of the US and to the US’ position as a
world power.
• Learning Targets:
• I can identify the geographic location of the Pacific
Theater as well as the major battles; Battle of Coral
Sea, Battle of Midway, Battle of the Philippines, Battle
of Iwo Jima, and Battle of Okinawa.
• I can recognize the contributions of the following
men; Douglas MacArthur, Chester Nimitz, and J.
Robert Oppenheimer.
• I can explain the strategy of island hopping and the
logic behind the use of the atomic bomb.
• I can identify the terms; Kamikaze, The Yalta
Conference, Occupation of Japan and Germany.
SECTION 3: THE
WAR IN THE
PACIFIC
• The Americans did not
celebrate long, as
Japan was busy
conquering an empire
that dwarfed Hitler’s
Third Reich
• Japan had conquered
much of southeast
Asia including the
Dutch East Indies,
Guam, and most of
China
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
• The main Allied forces in the Pacific were
Americans and Australians
• In May 1942 they succeeded in stopping
the Japanese drive toward Australia in the
five-day Battle of the Coral Sea
THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
• Japan’s next thrust
was toward Midway
Island – a strategic
Island northwest of
Hawaii
• Admiral Chester Nimitz,
the Commander of
American Naval forces
in the Pacific, moved to
defend the Island
• The Americans won a
decisive victory as their
planes destroyed 4
Japanese aircraft
carriers and 250 planes
•The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the war –
soon the Allies were island hopping toward Japan
KAMIKAZE
PILOTS ATTACK
ALLIES • The Americans
In the Battle for the Philippines, 424
Kamikaze pilots sank 16 ships and
damaged 80 more
continued leapfrogging
across the Pacific
toward Japan
• Japanese countered by
employing a new tactic
– Kamikaze (divine
wind) attacks
• Pilots in small bombladen planes would
crash into Allied ships
• General
MacArthur and
the Allies next
turned to the
Island of Iwo Jima
• The island was
critical to the
Allies as a base
for an attack on
Japan
• It was called the
most heavily
defended spot on
earth
• Allied and
Japanese forces
suffered heavy
casualties
IWO JIMA
American soldiers plant the flag on
the Island of Iwo Jima after their
victory
Bombing of Japan
THE BATTLE FOR OKINAWA
• In April 1945, U.S.
marines invaded
Okinawa
• The Japanese
unleashed 1,900
Kamikaze attacks
sinking 30 ships and
killing 5,000 seamen
• Okinawa cost the
Americans 7,600
marines and the
Japanese 110,000
soldiers
INVADE JAPAN?
• After Okinawa,
MacArthur
predicted that a
Normandy type
amphibious
invasion of Japan
would result in
1,500,000 Allied
deaths
• President Truman
saw only one way
to avoid an
invasion of
Japan . . .
Okinawa
The loss of life at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
convinced Allied leaders that an invasion
of Japan was not the best idea
ATOMIC BOMB
DEVELOPED
• Japan had a huge army
that would defend every
inch of the Japanese
mainland
• So Truman decided to
use a powerful new
weapon developed by
scientists working on
the Manhattan Project –
the Atomic Bomb
• Led by J. Robert
Oppenhiemer
U.S. DROPS TWO
ATOMIC BOMBS
ON JAPAN
• Truman warned
Japan in late July 1945
that without a immediate
Japanese surrender, it
faced “prompt and utter
destruction”
• On August 6
(Hiroshima) and August
9 (Nagasaki) a B-29
bomber dropped Atomic
Bombs on Japan
The plane and crew that dropped
an atomic bomb on Hiroshima,
Japan
August 6, 1945
HIROSHIMA
August 9,
1945
NAGASAKI
JAPAN SURRENDERS
• Japan surrendered
days after the second
atomic bomb was
dropped
• General MacArthur
said, “Today the
guns are silent. The
skies no longer rain
death . . .the entire
world is quietly at
peace.”
At the White House, President Harry
Truman announces the Japanese
surrender, August 14, 1945
• In February 1945,
as the Allies
pushed toward
victory in Europe,
an ailing FDR met
with Churchill and
Stalin at the Black
Sea resort of Yalta
in the USSR
• A series of
compromises
were worked out
concerning
postwar Europe
THE YALTA
CONFERENCE
(L to R) Churchill, FDR and Stalin
at Yalta
YALTA AGREEMENTS
• 1) They agreed to divide Germany into 4 occupied zones
after the war
• 2) Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern Europe
• 3) Stalin agreed to help the U.S. in the war against Japan
and to join the United Nations
NUREMBERG WAR TRIALS
Herman Goering, Hitler's right-hand man and chief
architect of the German war effort, testifies at his trial.
He was found guilty of war crimes but avoided
execution by swallowing potassium cyanide.
•
•
•
The discovery of Hitler’s death camps led the Allies to put 24
surviving Nazi leaders on trial for crimes against humanity, crimes
against the peace, and war crimes
The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany
“I was only following orders” was not an acceptable defense as 12
of the 24 were sentenced to death and the others to life in prison
THE OCCUPATION OF JAPAN
• Japan was occupied by U.S. forces under the command of
General MacArthur
• During the seven- year occupation, MacArthur reshaped
Japan’s economy by introducing free-market practices that
led to a remarkable economic recovery
• Additionally, he introduced a liberal constitution that to this
day is called the MacArthur Constitution
• The US and the USSR will also divide the Korean Peninsula
into two regions; North Korea and South Korea.
Daily Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What role did MacArthur play?
Who was Chester Nimitz?
What did the Battle of the Coral Sea accomplish?
What did the Battle of Midway represent? Why?
The Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were a part of what
Allied strategy?
What did the Battle of Okinawa foreshadow how the war
would end if the US invaded the Japanese homeland?
What did J. Robert Oppenheimer build? Where and when
was it used?
How did American treat both Japan and Germany
following the war?
What was the goal and the result of the Nuremberg Trial?
What happened to Tojo and the Japanese Emperor?
Opening Assignment
• What impact will the Second World
War have on women’s roles in
America?
• How is this a change for women in
American life?
Rosie the
Riveter
• Essential Learning Goal:
• The Second World War caused dramatic changes for
the citizens of the US and to the US’ position as a
world power.
• Learning Targets:
• I can identify the geographic location of JapaneseAmerican relocation and internment camps.
• I can recognize the contributions of women to the war
effort and their involvement in economic life.
• I can explain the economic gains for Americans
during the war and the importance of the GI Bill.
• I can identify migration patterns in the US during
WWII.
SECTION 4: THE HOME FRONT
• The war provided a lift
to the U.S. economy
• Jobs were abundant
and despite rationing
and shortages, people
had money to spend
• By the end of the war,
America was the
world’s dominant
economic and military
power
ECONOMIC GAINS
• Unemployment fell
from 25% to 1.2%
by 1944 and wages
rose 35%
• Farmers too
benefited as
production
doubled and
income tripled
WOMEN MAKE GAINS
• Women enjoyed
economic gains
during the war,
although many lost
their jobs after the war
• Over 6 million women
entered the work force
for the first time
• Over 1/3 were in the
defense industry
POPULATION SHIFTS
• The war triggered the
greatest mass
migration in American
history
• More than a million
newcomers poured
into California
between 1941-1944
• African Americans
again shifted from
south to north
GI BILL HELPS RETURNING
VETS
• To help returning
servicemen ease back
into civilian life,
Congress passed the
Servicemen’s
Readjustment Act (GI
Bill of Rights)
• The act provided
education for 7.8
million vets, and low
interest home loans.
INTERNMENT OF
JAPANESE AMERICANS
• When the war began,
120,000 Japanese
Americans lived in the
U.S. – mostly on the
West Coast
• After Pearl Harbor,
many people were
suspicious of possible
spy activity by Japanese
Americans
• In 1942, FDR ordered
Japanese Americans
into 10 relocation
centers
Japanese Americans felt the
sting of discrimination during
WWII
Location of
the 10
Internment
camps
Jerome camp in Arkansas
Korematsu vs. US
• US Supreme Court case heard in the
1940’s to decide if JapaneseAmerican relocation was legal.
• Supreme Court decides that this is
acceptable during a time of war and
that Internment does not violate
these Americans’ rights.
U.S. PAYS REPARATIONS
TO JAPANESE
Today the U.S. is home to
more than 1,000,000 JapaneseAmericans
• In the late 1980s, President
Reagan signed into law a
bill that provided $20,000
to every Japanese
American sent to a
relocation camp
• The checks were sent out
in 1990 along with a note
from President Bush
saying, “We can never
fully right the wrongs of
the past . . . we now
recognize that serious
wrongs were done to
Japanese Americans
during WWII.”
Homework
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•
•
Chapter 17 Section 4
Read Pages 590 – 595
Main Idea Questions A – D
SkillBuilder Page 591 #1 – 2
SkillBuilder Page 594 #1 – 2
Define Terms & Names into notes.
Daily Review
1. From where were Japanese-Americans
removed during WWII? Where were they sent
to live?
2. What contributions did women make to the
war effort? Did this continue after the war?
3. What effect did the War have on
unemployment and wages during the war?
How did the GI Bill attempt to help American
veterans?
4. How did migration patterns in the US during
WWII continue the trend we witnessed during
WWI? What state experienced extreme
growth during the War?
LIBERATION OF DEATH
• While the British and
CAMPS
Americans moved
eastward into
Germany, the Soviets
moved eastward into
German-controlled
Poland
• The Soviets
discovered many
death camps that the
Germans had set up
within Poland
• The Americans also
liberated camps within
Germany, mostly
concentration and
labor camps.