* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter Twenty-Seven: The Global Crisis, 1921–1941
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere wikipedia , lookup
British propaganda during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Fascism in Europe wikipedia , lookup
German–Soviet Axis talks wikipedia , lookup
Economy of Nazi Germany wikipedia , lookup
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
World War II by country wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
Allied war crimes during World War II wikipedia , lookup
World War II and American animation wikipedia , lookup
New Order (Nazism) wikipedia , lookup
Pearl Harbor (film) wikipedia , lookup
Western betrayal wikipedia , lookup
End of World War II in Europe wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War II wikipedia , lookup
European theatre of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Causes of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Yalta Conference wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Chapter Twenty-five: The Global Crisis, 1921-1941 Replacing the League of Nations 10 year moratorium on war ships Kellogg-Briand Pact Debts and Diplomacy Dawes Plan What did this say? What did this do? “It would have made equal sense for the U.S. to have taken money out of one drawer in the Treasury and put it into another.” Economic Expansion in Latin America U.S. was giving large loans to L.A. countries Also having trouble paying it back Hoover and the World Crisis Roosevelt Corollary Repudiated Euro countries began to default on their loans Musolini in Italy, Hitler in Germany, Stalin in Soviet Union Japan invades Manchuria, attacks China JOSEPH STALIN • Replaced Lenin as leader of the USSR • “purged” his country of capitalism • Created state-run farms and factories • Forced industrialization of the USSR with “Five Year Plans” • Police state and “purges” caused death of 8 to 13 MILLION. http://library.usu.edu/Specol/digitalexhibits/masaryk/stalin.html Appeals to WWI veterans Advocates a strong, centralized govt. under a dictator = fascism Opposed to communism Formed a militia called “black-shirts” Seized total control of Italy through force and intimidation “Il Duce” http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=9&sub=1 BENITO MUSSOLINI Veteran of WWI Joins the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) HOW DID THE GLOBAL DEPRESSION HELP HITLER?? Extreme Nationalist Purity of the Aryan race Expansion of the German state Publishes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in prison Elected Chancellor in 1933; quickly dissolves Wiemar Republic; declares the Third Reich http://www.mnstate.edu/shoptaug/hitler2.jpg http://www.internetweekly.org/images/hitler_in_shorts.jpg ADOLF HITLER Depression Diplomacy FDR’s Bombshell Message U.S. Recognizes Soviet Union He wanted to value of the dollar to FALL….WHY?? Relationship soon sours once again “Good Neighbor” Policy in L.A. “No state shall have the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another.” – Sec. of State Cordell Hull 7 Isolation and Internationalism The Rise of Isolationism Many Americans wanted to be isolationists Neutrality Acts *Cash and Carry* “Quarantine” Speech after Manchurian Invasion – The Failure of Munich – Hitler invades Rhineland, Austria – Hitler then takes Sudentenland – France and Britain let him take it! Hitler invades Poland, WWII has begun “Appeasement” 8 © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9 10 Neutrality Tested Neutrality Tested Cash-and-Carry Fall of France US begins to help England Burke-Wadsworth Act/crumbling neutrality First peacetime draft in U.S. history 11 The Campaign of 1940 Both men ran on anti-war campaigns FDR Reelected Neutrality Abandoned “Lend-Lease” “Any nation “pivotal to the defense of the U.S.” The Atlantic Charter Mutual statement of war aims for U.S. and Britain 15 © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16 © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17 Atlantic Charter In brief, the eight points were: 1. no territorial gains sought by the United States or the United Kingdom, 2. territorial adjustments must conform to the people involved, 3. people have right to choose own government, 4. trade barriers lowered, 5. there must be disarmament, 6. there must be freedom from want and fear, 7. there must be freedom of the seas, 8. there must be an association of nations. From Neutrality to Intervention The Road to Pearl Harbor Tripartite Pact Japanese Assets Frozen What are Japan’s choices? Gen. Hideki Tojo takes over Pearl Harbor Attacked Dec. 7, 1941 2,400 dead, 1,000 wounded The USS Arizona sinks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 71941 (CORBIS / Royalty-Free) © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20 Pearl Harbor Documentary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZFKPLxjq8c Please answer the corresponding questions while watching the video 23 He CAN'T Forget Pearl Harbor--Can You? He CAN'T Forget Pearl Harbor-Can You? This World War II poster encourages support for the U.S. war effort by pointing to one soldier's disabilities that resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. (Library of Congress) Containing the Japanese Japan is expanding at a rapid pace Gen. Douglas MacArthur is pushed out of the Philippines “I shall return” April 1942, Doolittle air raids Tokyo and other cities Japanese realize they aren’t invincible Allies finally stop the Japanese advance at Battle of Coral Sea Americans score a victory at Guadalcanal Battle of Midway June 1942, Admiral Chester Nimitz found out that 110 Japanese ships were moving toward Midway, then Hawaii Americans surprised the Japanese and scored a HUGE victory 322 planes, four AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, and a cruiser destroyed Americans “avenged Pearl Harbor” Island Hopping What is it? Why did America do it? Chapter Twenty-six: America in a World at War World War II in the Pacific 29 © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Battle of Stalingrad Operation Barbarossa: August 1942-February 1943 330,000 Germans invade, only 91,000 survive/POWs Soviets suffer 1,250,000 military and civilian casualties. SIGNIFICANCE: Turning point of war on Eastern Front Stalingrad WWII: European Theatre ACT I 1942 & 1943: War in the Atlantic Allied Convoys v. “Wolf pack” of German UBoats 1942: Allies turn the tide Halt Germans at El Alemein and Stalingrad 11/1942 - 5/1943: North Africa Campaign Rommel & Patton 6/1943: Invasion of Italy Surrender of Italy, Mussolini executed •Allies invade the “soft underbelly” of Europe •After months of fighting, Allies are able to push the Germans out •Mussolini is arrested, shot and hung in Milan square The Allies on the Offensive in Europe, 1942-1945 The United States pursued a "Europe first" policy: first defeat Germany, then focus on Japan. American military efforts began in North Africa in late 1942 and ended in Germany in 1945 on May 8 (V-E Day). Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. America and the Holocaust Moral Failure By 1942, the U.S. had intelligence of the genocide America deemed it unfeasible to: Destroy RRs Destroy crematoria Accept Jewish refugees Laborers at Buchenwald, 1945 (CORBIS / Royalty-Free) Thought this would be a distraction 34 Liberation of the Death Camps “We started smelling a terrible odor and suddenly we were at the concentration camp at Landsberg. Forced the gate and faced hundreds of starving prisoners… We saw emancipated men whose thighs were smaller than our wrists many had bones sticking through their skin…Also we saw hundreds of burned and naked bodies….That evening I wrote to my wife that “For this is the first time I truly realized the evil of Hitler and why this war had to be waged.” - Robert Johnson http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/wiki/images/thumb/6/6f/250px-NaziConcentrationCamp.gif Band of Brothers – Liberation of Death Camps WWII: European Theatre ACT II 6/6/1944: D-Day – Normandy Allies, Patton, Liberation of Paris, Soviet Advance 12/16/1944: Battle of the Bulge German Counter-Offensive, Siege of Bastogne 4/1945: The Bitter End Soviet and American forces meet at Elbe Berlin Falls, Hitler commits suicide FDR dies, Truman 5/8/1945: V-E Day Operation Overlord: D-Day June 6, 1944 3 million allied soldiers, 4,600 vessels Beachheads: UTAH, OMAHA / GOLD, JUNO, SWORD Eisenhower at D-Day Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. http://www.usma.edu/bicentennial/history/history_1950on.asp Gen. George S. Patton •Dec. 1944 - Jan. 1945 •Last ditch attempt by Hitler •Created a “bulge” in the line •Germans lost 120,000 men, 600 tanks, 1,600 planes •They could not replenish these numbers http://www.ndu.edu/inss/books/Books%20-%201998/Military%20Geography%20March%2098/milgeoch2.ht Battle of the Bulge V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day Allies invaded Germany Hitler commits suicide to avoid disgrace on April 29 Germany gives unconditional surrender on May 8, 1945 Americans gain in pacific Then they regain the Philippines after Battle of Leyte Gulf “People of the Philippines: I have returned” Japanese test out their Kamikaze method Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima 6,000 marines killed 20,500 Japanese killed Okinawa 1,900 Kamikaze attacks 7,600 Americans killed 110,000 Japanese killed Americans did not want to invade Japan….why not?? The Manhattan Project Best kept secret of the war Creation of an atomic bomb Truman didn’t even know about it! J. Robert Oppenheimer lead the research in New Mexico Tested in N. Mexico, could see flash from 180 miles away! Hiroshima and nagasaki Should they use the bomb? Drop it on an empty island? August 6 – dropped on Hiroshima Reasons to use it: August 9 – dropped on Nagasaki Approximately 200,000 people killed from the blasts “I cannot bear to see my innocent people suffer any longer” 1. Nothing less than dropping it on a city would convince them 2.The test might be a dud 3. Might shoot down the delivery plane or move American POWs to the island USA warned Japanese of “prompt and utter destruction”. - Emperor Hirohito Sept. 2 – Japanese surrender aboard the Missouri hiroshima nagasaki “ They say temperatures of 7,000 degrees centigrade hit me…Nobody there looked like human beings…Humans had lost the ability to speak. People couldn’t scream, “It hurts!” even when they were on fire. People with their legs wrenched off. Without heads. Or with faces burned and swollen out of shape. The scene I saw was a living hell.” - Yamaoko Michiko Origins of the Cold War Sources of SovietAmerican Tension America’s Postwar Vision Democratic relationships, not colonialism Wartime Diplomacy Tehran Conference Nov. 1943 FDR promised a second front in West Stalin promised war against Japan What about Poland?? Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill on portico of Russian Embassy in Teheran, during conference -- Nov. 28 - Dec. 1, 1943 53 Yalta Feb 1945 United Nations Established Disagreements over Poland Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin at Yalta, Feb. 1945. Agreed to “free and unfettered elections” Germany would be split into four “zones of occupation” Problems of the Yalta Accords Loose principles established, toughest problems sidestepped April 12, 1945 – FDR suffers a stroke and dies 54 The Collapse of Peace The Failure of Potsdam Limited American Leverage Why didn’t U.S. have leverage? Germany basically split into East and West Germany… Harry Truman The China Problem and Japan Chiang Kai-shek Japan Restored 56 (Library of Congress) The Collapse of Peace The Containment Doctrine Truman Doctrine Primarily helped Greece and Turkey What are the criticisms of this? Consider both extremes.. The Marshall Plan Why?...... Humanitarian concerns Fear of an economic drain Desire for strong Euro market Fear of communism “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” - Harry Truman $13 billion in aid to Europe Industrial production increased, soviet influence decreased 57 The Collapse of Peace Mobilization at Home Development of H-Bomb The National Security Act of 1947 Who’s power does this expand? Dept. of Defense CIA National Security Council The Road to NATO Berlin Airlift What was this? Why was it needed? This led to the Warsaw Pact Reevaluating Cold War Policy 58 Containment Expanded China becomes communist, Russia fires a nuclear bomb… 59 Divided Europe after World War II From World War to Cold War Wrap-up http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpYCplyBknI America After the War The Election of 1948 Divided Democratic Party Truman’s Stunning Victory 61 The Korean War The Divided Peninsula How did Korea become divided? Communists in the North Syngman Rhee in control of S. Korea United Nations intervenes Why didn’t the U.S.S.R. oppose this invasion? Douglas MacArthur is given control of the U.N. troops 62 Korean War Amphibious landing at Inchon American marching North Cuts off supplies from Koreans on the Pusan Peninsulas Take Pyongyang China intervenes Korean War From Invasion to Stalemate Truman-MacArthur Controversy What was this about? What ended up happening to MacArthur? July, 1953 – Armistice – Limited Mobilization Rising Insecurity and Frustration 140,000 Americans died New fears of communism spreading Douglas MacArthur (CORBIS / Royalty-Free) 64 The Crusade Against Subversion HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee The “Hollywood Ten” What happened with them? Alger Hiss Illegally leaked State Dept. papers Convicted of perjury Who did this case help? Who did it hurt? How Communism Works, 1938 65 The Crusade Against Subversion The Federal Loyalty Program McCarran Internal Security Act What was the purpose of this program? All communists must register with the government and publish their records Growing Fear of Subversion Ethel and Julius Rosenberg sentenced to death What did they do? 66 McCarthyism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyBiSk97 Hag Claimed to know 205 communists in the govt. Was adored for his fearless assaults on govt. What political effect did this have on America? The Republican Revival • Why was the Dem. Party struggling? • Eisenhower Elected • chose Nixon was his V.P. • Ran on a platform of anti-communism and solving the Korean conflict Dwight D. Eisenhower (CORBIS / Royalty-Free) 68