Download World War II

World War II
Germany must pay 20 billion gold marks
Germany has to cede coal mines in Saar to France
Germany has to cede Alsace-Lorraine to France
440 Articles blamed
Germany for WWI
President
Wilson
“14 Points”
Creating Democracies
President
Wilson
“14 Points”
President
Bush
Iraq War
Creating Democracies
“The way Europe worked for
centuries was through war,
displacement of citizens, and
restructuring of national borders.”
Wilson’s Goals:
Make the world safe for democracy
Wilson’s Goals:
Make the world safe for democracy
Carve up Europe
(Based on nationalities)
Wilson’s Goals:
Make the world safe for democracy
Carve up Europe
(Based on nationalities)
Force DEMOCRATIC governments
Nationalism:
1. Division of Europe by nationalities...
Nationalism:
1. Division of Europe by nationalities...
2. Loyalty to country & its people*
ABOVE ALL ELSE
Nationalism:
1. Division of Europe by nationalities...
2. Loyalty to country & its people*
ABOVE ALL ELSE
*People of the same blood
regardless of geography
SOVIET UNION
Stalin’s Goals:
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of Soviets
Stalin’s Goals:
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of Soviets
2. Tried to create the perfect
Communist state
Stalin’s Goals:
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of Soviets
2. Tried to create the perfect
Communist state
3. Abolished private farms,
established collectives
massive industrialization
ITALY
Mussolini’s Rise:
1. Unemployment + inflation = strikes
Mussolini’s Rise:
1. Unemployment + inflation = strikes
2. Upper-class wanted government help
Mussolini’s Rise:
1. Unemployment + inflation = strikes
2. Upper-class wanted government help
3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM
Mussolini’s Rise:
1. Unemployment + inflation = strikes
2. Upper-class wanted government help
3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM
4. Practiced TOTALITARIANISM
Totalitarianism:
1. Method of control in which a
country’s individuals have little or
no freedoms separate from the
government’s wishes
GERMANY
Hitler promised to raise
Germany from the shame
of the Treaty of Versailles
The League of Nations
FAILS
It’s fatal flaw?
No military for enforcement
The League of Nations
FAILS
It’s fatal flaw?
No military for enforcement
Failure in Japan
The League of Nations
FAILS
It’s fatal flaw?
No military for enforcement
Failure in Japan
Hitler increased size of army
The League of Nations
FAILS
It’s fatal flaw?
The League couldn’t stop him
No military for enforcement
Failure in Japan
Hitler increased size of army
The League of Nations
FAILS
It’s fatal flaw?
The League couldn’t stop him
No military for enforcement
Italy gave all power to Il Duce
Failure in Japan
Hitler increased size of army
The League of Nations
FAILS
It’s fatal flaw?
The League couldn’t stop him
No military for enforcement
Italy gave all power to Il Duce
Failure in Japan
The League did nothing
Hitler increased size of army
The League of Nations
FAILS
Isolationism:
1. Belief that one’s country should
stay out of other countries conflicts
The “America First” Committee
“...and the Wolf chewed up the children and spit out their
bones...But those were Foreign Children and it didn’t really matter.”
1922
Germany asks France
For moratorium—France
Refuses
France controls
Germany’s richest
production area
German workers
strike/inflation rises
Hitler’s Rise to Power
Hitler acts out
“Beer Hall Putsch”
“Putsch” fails
Hitler imprisoned
Writes “Mein Kampf”
Mein Kampf explains
principles of Nazism
Hitler’s Rise to Power
1933
Hitler gains a
following as a savior
Democratically elected
as PM of Weimar
Establishes the
Third Reich
Hitler’s Rise to Power
Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” was
not allowed to join Germany...
Hitler takes Austria
“German Austria must unite itself with
the German Motherland...”
—Hitler Mein Kampf
Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” was
not allowed to join Germany...
Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s
terms for control of Austria (by vote)
Hitler takes Austria
Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” was
not allowed to join Germany...
Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s
terms for control of Austria (by vote)
Hitler invaded Austria (1938)
Hitler takes Austria
Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000
Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Magyars...729,000
Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Magyars...729,000
Ruthenes...569,000
Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Magyars...729,000
Ruthenes...569,000
Poles...100,000
Czechoslovakia
Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Magyars...729,000
Ruthenes...569,000
Poles...100,000
Others...266,000
Czechoslovakia
Sudetenland contained large # of
German-speaking , pro-Nazi population
Hitler takes Czechoslovakia
Sudetenland contained large # of
German-speaking , pro-Nazi population
Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over
the Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakia
Hitler takes Czechoslovakia
Sudetenland contained large # of
German-speaking , pro-Nazi population
Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over
the Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakia
The Munich Agreement
(Sudetenland would be Hitler’s last demand)
Hitler takes Czechoslovakia
Soviet Union signed
non-aggression pact
With Germany
Hitler & Stalin
Soviet Union signed
non-aggression pact
With Germany
Hitler & Stalin
Stalin gained eastern
half of Poland
Hitler’s Attack Style
BLITZKRIEG
Stage 1: Air bombing
Stage 2: Tanks & Artillery
Stage 3: Flanking Infantry
Highly effective
fighting style
Fighting in Poland
was over in 3 weeks
Hitler planned to attack France
after Poland
Hitler takes France
Hitler planned to attack France
after Poland
French behind “Maginot Line”
Hitler takes France
Hitler planned to attack France
after Poland
French behind “Maginot Line”
Germans behind “Siegfried Line”
Hitler takes France
Hitler planned to attack France
after Poland
French behind “Maginot Line”
Germans behind “Siegfried Line”
A year spent waiting = “Phony War”
Hitler takes France
Hitler attacked Belgium &
“walked to France”
Hitler takes France
Hitler attacked Belgium &
“walked to France”
Handed France his surrender terms
Hitler takes France
Hitler attacked Belgium &
“walked to France”
Handed France his surrender terms
Germany controlled N. France
Hitler takes France
Hitler attacked Belgium &
“walked to France”
Handed France his surrender terms
Germany controlled N. France
S. France was puppet government
(“Vichy”)
Hitler takes France
Britain
Poland
Romania
Turkey
Greece
Soviet
Union
Britain Got Entangled
The Holocaust
Nazi plan for Weimar Republic
Disband the Reichstag
“We will become members of the
Reichstag in order to disable the
Weimar order with its own
acquiescence...We come as enemies.”
—Joseph Goebbels
Nazi plan for Weimar Republic
Disband the Reichstag
Reichstag burns & Hitler blames the
communists
Nazi plan for Weimar Republic
Disband the Reichstag
Reichstag burns & Hitler blames the
communists
President Von Hindenburg
suspended individuals & civil rights
Nazi plan for Weimar Republic
Hitler elected democratically
Nazi plan for Weimar Republic
Hitler elected democratically
Actions against “inferiors” began a
month later
Nazi plan for Weimar Republic
Hitler elected democratically
Actions against “inferiors” began a
month later
One of the first actions was the
“Jewish boycott”
Elimination of a race required 3 steps:
1. Marginalization
2. Government action
3. Execution
1. Marginalization
Converted to Christianity
Married non-Jews
Before Hitler, most Jews were
comfortable as German citizens...
100,000+ fought for
Germany during WWI
Taught in German Universities
Nazis required a boycott
of all Jewish owned
shops and business’
“Germans! Defend yourselves!
Don’t buy from Jews.”
“The Jews are our
misfortune!”
“JUDE”
“Nazification” of Culture
Distinguishing between “pure”
German (Nazi) culture & inferior
cultures
“Nazification” of Culture
Distinguishing between “pure”
German (Nazi) culture & inferior
cultures
Hundreds of Thousands of
“un-German” books were burned
“Nazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDA
“Nazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDA
Joseph Goebbels—Master of
Propaganda
“Nazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDA
Joseph Goebbels—Master of
Propaganda
Controlled press, radio, film, art,
music, and public events
“Nazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit
“Nazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit
Degenerate Art—art that doesn’t
glorify Aryan race
“Nazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit
Degenerate Art—art that doesn’t
glorify Aryan race
Exhibit was designed to emphasize
the arts’ “ugliness”
2. Government
Action
Jews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens
between (1933-1939)
Jews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens
between (1933-1939)
Civil Service Law
Jews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens
between (1933-1939)
Civil Service Law
Nazis even created a “science”
based on Jewish/German differences
“[the] state must set race in the center
of all life. It must take care to keep it
pure. [The state] must see to it that only
the healthy beget children...”
—Hitler Mein Kampf
Race Science
Forced sterilization (500,000 in 10)
320,000 German outcasts:
Alcoholics, homosexuals, depressed,
schizophrenics, “work shy”
Instituted euthanasia (execution)
Mentally insane, handicapped, retarded
Nuremburg Race Laws
Jews are not German citizens
Subjects of the state
Marriage & sex between Jews &
non-Jews forbidden
Women under 45 couldn’t work in
Jewish households
“Jews Unwelcome” signs appeared
in theaters, shops, pharmacies,
hotels, restaurants, etc.
Could only sit on public benches
marked for Jews
Jewish business’ Aryanized
All Jews had to take new middle
names
Jewish passports marked with “J”
Britain: “No room.”
US: “We have a quota system.”
Australia: “We don’t want the
Jewish problem.”
The Evian Conference
Canada: “We’ll take farmers only.”
Kristallnacht
(Night of Broken Glass)
The Saint Louis
1933
Hitler elected
democratically
Boycott of Jewish
business’
“Civil Service” laws
(400 between ‘33-’39)
1934
Forced sterilization of
“inferiors”
1935
Separation of “pure”
German and “inferior”
people groups
1937
“Degenerate Art”
exhibit
1938
The Evian Conference
1939
Kristallnacht
The S.S. Saint Louis
3. Execution