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World War II Causes of World War II FAILURE Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis – Axis Powers Britain and France – Allied Powers (Later joined by the United States, the Soviet Union and China) Hitler Launches Blitzkrieg Lightning War! German planes bombed towns, cities, factories, civilians, then tanks and troops followed. Clip :42 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZRItB7WgrU&feature=related&safety_ mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Miracle of Dunkirk Fateful decision – Hitler thought Luftwaffe would prevent escape. French & British retreated from German troops Caught between the English Channel and certain death. Every vessel – military, merchant, pleasure crafts crossed the English channel to save stranded troops. 300,000 saved Greatly elevated English morale! Clip 1:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OILohJMETeQ&safety_ mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Germany Takes France • France surrenders, 1940 • The French Resistance A Frenchman weeps as German troops march into Paris Battle of Britain Luftwaffe – German Air Force Bombed everything - could not defeat Britain RAF – Royal Air Force Churchill – Prime Minister – Never surrender North Africa/Rommel German General known as the “desert fox” Controlled N. Africa The British and allies needed the Suez Canal. Lifeline to India Clip 3:22 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bxn5EQwJIk&featur e=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Operation Barbarossa Conquest of Soviet Union “Living space” for his “superior race” and have resources for future generations Russians would not surrender – burned towns, factories and crops before Germans could use it Then eventually, like Napoleon defeat, Russian winter set in. Clip 2:19 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LGBHNNqrQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Siege of Leningrad 2 ½ year siege! Civilians were starving (ate paper and leather from shoes) Over 1 million civilians dead Stalin begged for 2nd front. U.S. Involvement Neutrality – not getting involved policy Lend Lease – sell or lend war materials – when vital to eventual U.S. defense Atlantic Charter – Aug. 1941 – goals for destroying Nazi tyranny. Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly on warship in Atlantic. December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor General Hideki/Emperor Hirohito – Japanese militarists looked toward war for Japan’s future. U.S. was interfering with plans as we had interests there also – stopped the trade for war materials to Japan. Japan wanted Chinese lands for raw materials & living space. Pearl Harbor was attacked – 2,400 dead. Clip 8:46 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU&feature=related&safety_mode =true&persist_safety_mode=1 TURNING POINTS Invasion of Normandy – 1944 – “D-Day” Battle of Stalingrad Battle of El Alamein - 1942 Battle of the Bulge - 1944 El Alamein Egypt – turning point in African campaign. General Montgomery of Great Britain finally stops General Rommel’s German advance. Now, allies were able to invade Italy. Clip 3:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_vg5 07nAPI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety _mode=1 Invasion of Italy From North Africa – Invasion of mainland Europe through Italy. Yet another front for Germany!! Italians fed up – overthrow Mussolini! Stalingrad Read pg 803 text Hitler wanted Stalin’s namesake city (almost obsessed with it) German troops surround Stalingrad then, Russian troops surround them! Street by street, house to house fighting. For first time, Russians now go from defense to offense. Clip 3:35 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLpCJ9sK5Jk&safety_mode=true&persist _safety_mode=1 D-Day D-Day Finally a 2nd front in Western Europe General Dwight Eisenhower – Allied Supreme Commander Allied Bombers constant bombing of coast and then on to Germany Across English Channel to France (Normandy) Clip Saving Private Ryan 10:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZgKo46X8CI&feature=related&safety _mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Battle of the Bulge Belgium Massive German counter attack. Final effort in Europe. Allies suffered severe losses but did not let Germans break through! Clip 3:30 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a8fqGpHgs k&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 V-E Day Allies pounded Germany non-stop. Hamburg and Dresden Germany almost wiped off the map. Eventually to the capital Berlin Russians from the East, Allies from the West – shook hands. Hitler commits suicide. Fighting in Pacific Japanese still had army of 2 million men. Kamikaze pilots Battle of Midway – turning point in Pacific War. General Douglas MacArthur – in charge of Pacific War Iwo Jima Trying to take one island at a time until troops were able to attack mainland Japan Iwo Jima – continuous bombing – but soldiers were hunkered down in underground tunnels. Flag raising! Clip :17 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHe9gCgQsos&feature=related&safety_ mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 1:38 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Ym1rmWr3s&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 The Atomic Bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki Reasons for: Save American lives End War Show Soviet Union our power Against: Destruction 100,000 instantly killed Any peaceful means necessary Clip 9:31 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rHrV2QhArA&safety_mode=true&persi st_safety_mode=1 Teheran Conference 1943 Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt in Teheran, Iran Planning & strategy for war against Germany Yalta Conference 1945 Same leaders Agenda for war on Germany Potsdam Conference Aug. 1945 Stalin, Clement Atlee, Truman Post war order and peace treaty issues. Nuremberg Trials Trials for crimes against humanity Some Nazi officers – death sentences, some jail. How had the horrors of the Holocaust happened? How could ordinary people collaborate with Hitler in his “Final Solution?” “Following orders.” How could this be prevented from happening again? Clip 2:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAo9LM0xfrU&feature=related&safety_mode=tru e&persist_safety_mode=1 United Nations formed Organization founded to try to keep the peace and deal with events/situations of global importance. The Holocaust Kristallnacht – Night of broken glass 1st night of attacks on Jewish businesses The “Final Solution” Hitler’s answer for the Aryan race Exterminate Jews for the future of Germany Genocide – killing off people because of their race or religion. Death camps – gas chambers, mass executions, work/death camps 6,000,000 Clip 10:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaCdKwFcHnw&safety_mode=true&p ersist_safety_mode=1 The Cold War Immediately following WWII A war of propaganda A war of words, philosophies, a build up of power/arms Capitalism vs. Communism Lasted 40 years An “Iron Curtain” – slogan used to describe countries of communist USSR Truman Doctrine Limit Communism Stop Soviet expansion Korean War Vietnam War Stop the domino effect Clip 1:11 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xamjeyxT1iA&safety_mode=true &persist_safety_mode=1 Communist map timeline clip :22 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldnwN8UsWdc&featu re=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 The Marshall Plan Aid (Food, Money) for rebuilding Europe Effort to prevent those countries from turning to communism Clip 6:40 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUt7Lr3lubc&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_saf ety_mode=1 Video – From World War To Cold War 10:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpYCplyBknI&feature=r elated&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Berlin Airlift Berlin was divided East – Communist West – Democratic/Capitalist West Berlin – inside Soviet controlled E. Germany Stalin blocked food and supplies. For almost a year, the “west” flew in supplies and food Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet Union wanted to keep nuclear weapons in Cuba – 90 miles off US coast. Almost led to disaster. Clip 10:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2ZyeG4tdOQ&safety_mode=tru e&persist_safety_mode=1 NATO and the Warsaw Pact New Alliances NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization US, Canada and 9 Western European Countries Warsaw Pact – USSR (Russia and satellite countries. Eastern Europe