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BALKAN FRONT RUSSIAN FRONT PACIFIC FRONT D-DAY END OF WWII BALKAN FRONT 1941 Germany focusing on controlling oil •Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”) Oct 1942 Battle of El Alamein •Rommel defeated •Beginning of decline for Axis Powers RUSSIAN FRONT June 22, 1941 Hitler attacks Russia after failing against England – “Operation Barbarossa” a)Lebensraum b)resources Stalin calling for a “Second Front” Stalin ordered “Scorched-Earth” policy Jan 1943 Casablanca Conference •only accept “unconditional surrender” 2/2/1943 Battle of Stalingrad •Germany defeated PACIFIC THEATER 9.27.1940 TRIPARTITE PACT •Japan/Germany/Italy (AXIS POWERS) Hideki Tojo pushing for expansion •Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Isoroku Yamamoto ordered “Operation Z” •attack on Pearl Harbor •"I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant" 12.7.1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor •“Tora, Tora, Tora” 12.8.1941 – U.S. enters WWII •FDR = “…day that will live in infamy” PEARL HARBOR 3500 KILLED “ARIZONA” - Memorial WWII = TOTAL WAR “Rosie the Riveter” WASP’s Lady Leathernecks “Ultra” “Magic” “Navajo Language” PACIFIC THEATER February 1942 April 1942 April 1942 May 1942 Executive Order 9066 •”Nisei” (Japanese-Americans) •Ronald Reagan (1988) Doolittle’s Raid Bataan Death March •5000 died Battle of Coral Sea •stopped Japanese expansion to south PACIFIC THEATER June 1942 Battle of Midway •stopped Japanese expansion to the east U.S. USED POLICY OF “ISLAND HOPPING” August 1942 Battle of Guadalcanal •1st Japanese territory U.S. won •”Banzai Charges” •”Bushido” PACIFIC THEATER June 1944 Battle of Saipan •U.S. B-29’s in striking distance of Japan Oct 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf •Largest naval battle in history •”Kamikazes” •”Shinyos” Feb 1945 Battle of Iwo Jima •1st base inside Japanese defense system •Joe Rosenthal – photo of “Old Glory Goes Up On Mt Suribachi” •won 1945 Pulitzer Prize April 1945 Battle of Okinawa D-DAY – 6.6.1944 •“Operation Overlord” •2nd front in Europe against Germany •Attack at Normandy •5 beaches – Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword •133k soldiers in attack •w/in 1 month – 1 million soldiers landed -----------------------August 1944 Paris liberated December 1944 Battle of Bulge •last German offensive •Malmedy Massacre Feb 1945 “Big Three” •FDR, Stalin, Churchill •USSR agreed to help U.S. against Japan •discussion of United Nations DEATH OF WWII LEADERS 4.12.45 4.28.45 4.30.45 FDR dies (Harry Truman becomes president) Mussolini hung Hitler committed suicide END OF WWII IN EUROPE May 7, 1945 – “VE Day” PACIFIC THEATER U.S. has decide whether or not to invade Japan? •”Operation Downfall” •est. 1.5 million needed for initial attack •est. casualties 250k – 1 million July 1945 Potsdam Conference •President Truman •”the baby is born” •Manhattan Project •Robert Oppenheimer QUESTION Does President Truman use the bombs on Japan? ATOMIC BOMB FACTS PACIFIC THEATER 1.8 billion degrees President Truman Drop the bombs! •20x hotter than–sun August 6,tons 1945of TNT “Little Boy” – Hiroshima 15k Detonated above August 9, 1945 2000’ “Fat Man”city – Nagasaki 50,000’ Mushroom Cloud +71,000 vaporized instantly END OF WWII IN PACIFIC Blast moving at 9000 mph 4 square miles2, instantly September 1945 destroyed – “VJ Day” Radiation “fallout” on USS Missouri Japan surrenders POST WWII 1)United Nations created 2)Nuremburg Trials 3)Marshall Plan 4)Germany/Berlin divided BERLIN 5)Beginning of Cold War