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Chapter 25: The Enduring Vision
Guiding Questions
How did the Roosevelt administration and the American people respond
to the international crises of the 1930s?
How did war mobilization transform the American economy and
government?
What were the major aspects of Allied military strategy in Europe and
Asia?
What were the major effects of World War II on American society,
including minorities and women?
What were the arguments for and against the use of the atomic bomb to
end the war with Japan?
The Great Depression
FDR’s view on Latin America
Yankee Imperialism
The “Good Neighbor” Policy
Haiti
The Platt Amendment
Panama
Latin America
Cuba
Fulgencio Batista
Mexico
Lazaro Cardenas
Fulgencio Batista
The Rise of Aggressive States in Europe
Benito Mussolini
Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
Adolf Hitler
The National Socialist Party (Nazis)
The Treaty of Versailles
The “inferior race”
The Rise of Aggressive States in Europe
Hitler’s military build
up
The Rhineland
The Austrian Anschluss
(1938)
The Rise of Aggressive States in Europe
The Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
Neville Chamberlain
Eduard Daladier
The Munich Conference
“Peace in our time”
The Munich Pact
The Rise of Aggressive States in Asia
Japanese aggression in Asia
Manchuria (1931)
The Sino-Japanese War (1937)
Protests from Washington
The American Mood: No More War
Gerald P. Nye
The Nye Committee
“Merchants of death”
The Neutrality Acts (1935-1937)
The 1936 Olympics
Jesse Owens
The Gathering Storm
Czechoslovakia
(March 1939)
The German-Soviet
Non-Aggression Pact
(August 1939)
Defense Spending in
the United States
America and the Jewish Refugees
German Jews
The Nuremberg Laws (1935)
Kristallnacht (November 1938)
U.S. Immigration laws
The War in Europe
Danzig
September 1, 1939
Britain and France
declare war on
Germany
“Cash and Carry”
The War in Europe
Spring 1940
Securing the Northern Flank
The fall of France (May 10-June 22)
Dunkirk
The War in Europe
The Battle of Britain
The Luftwaffe
Winston Churchill
From Isolation to Intervention
FDR’s Third Term
The Selective Service Act
(September 1940)
The Destroyers for Bases
Deal (September 1940)
The America First Committee
From Isolation to Intervention
the “great arsenal of democracy”
The Lend-Lease Act (March 1941)
Helping China and the Soviet Union
From Isolation to Intervention
German U-Boats
Convoys
Greenland and Iceland
The Atlantic Charter (August 1941)
The Reuben James
The Coming of War
“the two ocean navy”
Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity Sphere
The Open Door Policy
The Yellow Peril
The Coming of War
Economic Coercion
Northern Indochina
The Tripartite Pact (September 1940)
Japan occupies southern Indochina
(July 1941)
FDR’s response to Japanese Aggression
Hideki Tojo
The Coming of War
US Intelligence
(November 1941)
War Warnings
Pearl Harbor (Oahu)
(December 7, 1941)
The Philippines,
Malaya, and Hong
Kong
False Accusations
against FDR
America enters World War II
“a day which will live in infamy”
Hitler and Mussolini declare war on the United States
Attacks from U-Boat Wolf Packs
The state of the war in December 1941
Organizing for War
The War Powers Act
Volunteers and Draftees
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
The War Production Board (WPB)
The War Manpower Commission (WMC)
Organizing for War
The National War Labor Board
(NWLB)
The Office of Price Administration
(OPA)
Switching to war time production
Making synthetic rubber
Defense Spending
The Wartime Economy
Ending the Great Depression
New Jobs
Western and Southern Development
Farm Production
Full Employment
Becoming a middle class nation
The Wartime Economy
Labor Unions
Smith-Connally War Labor
Disputes Act of 1943
wages, prices, and rents
Rationing
Meatless Tuesdays and
Victory Gardens
Scrap Metal Drives
The Wartime Economy
War Bonds
Increasing Taxes
The Revenue Act (1942)
Tax increases on all classes
“A Wizard War”
Office of Scientific Research
and Development (OSRD)
Computer Technology
“miracle drugs”
Penicillin
Insecticides
The Wizard War
The Manhattan Project
Albert Einstein
Atomic Bomb Development
The Manhattan Project
Los Alamos, New Mexico
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Propaganda
The Office of Censorship
The Office of War Information
(OWI)
Hollywood Films
Music, cartoons and advertising
The European Theater
Defeating Germany First
The State of the War (1942)
The Second Front
North Africa
Northern Africa
Operation Torch (November
1942)
French Resistance from the
Vichy Regime
Reasons for choosing
Northern Africa
Charles De Gaulle
December 1942
The War in the Soviet Union
Stalingrad (August 1942January 1943)
The Casablanca Conference
(January 1943)
Moving to Sicily
George Marshall
“Unconditional Surrender”
The Italian Campaign
Operation Husky (July 1943)
Messina
George Patton
Bernard Montgomery
The Dismissal of Mussolini
Hitler rescues Mussolini
The Italian Campaign
Italy “surrenders” (September 1943)
The Division of Italy
The Gustav Line
The War in Europe
Kursk (July 1943)
The Teheran Conference
(November 1943)
The Big Three
The Planning of Overlord
Anzio (January 1944)
Monte Cassino (January – June 1944)
The Second Front
Normandy
Planning for Overlord
June 6, 1944
Paratroopers
Cherbourg
Utah and Omaha Beach
The European Theater
The Liberation of France
The Battle of the Bulge
(December 1944)
Wartime Diplomacy
The Yalta Conference (February 1945)
The State of the War
Stalin decision on Japan
Dividing Germany
Free Elections in Eastern Europe
The United Nations
The Polish Government
Moving towards Berlin
Crossing the Rhine (March 1945)
Eisenhower’s Decision to stop at
the Elbe River
Roosevelt’s Death
Hitler commits suicide
Germany Surrenders
V-E Day
The Potsdam Conference
Harry Truman
The United Nations
The Potsdam Conference
(July-August 1945)
The Council of Foreign Ministers
The War in the Pacific
The Doolittle Raid (April 1942)
Lt. Colonel James Doolittle
The Battle of the Coral Sea
(May 1942)
American Cryptology
Port Moresby
The War in the Pacific
The Battle of Midway (June 1942)
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
The Aleutian Islands
Heavy losses for the Japanese
The turning point of the war
Island Hopping
Guadalcanal (August 1942)
Tropical Conditions
Japanese Attempts to
retake the island
Japan evacuates remaining forces
(February 1943)
Island Hopping
Douglas MacArthur
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Rabaul (Northeast tip of New Britain)
Operation Cartwheel
Building Airstrips
February 1944
Island Hopping
Retaking the Philippines
The Battle of Leyte Gulf
(October 1944)
Kamikaze Attacks
Capturing Manila
March 1945
Island Hopping
Iwo Jima (February 1945)
Building airstrips for heavy US bombers
Japanese Defense of Iwo Jima
Mt. Suribachi
Results
Island Hopping
Okinawa (April 1945)
Kamikaze Attacks
Civilian losses
Japanese losses
American losses
The decision the use the atomic bombs
The legacy of island hopping
Japanese tenacity
The potential number of
American casualties
The Potsdam Declaration
The decision to use the atomic bomb
Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)
Stalin declares war on Japan
Nagasaki (August 9, 1945)
V-J Day (August 14)
General MacArthur accepts
the Japanese surrender
(September 2, 1945)
Social Change in America
Moving Americans around the world
African Americans and World War II
A Philip Randolph
Executive Order 8802
Women in the workforce
Women working outside the home
Rosie the Riveter
The Women’s Rights Movement
Social Change
The Servicemen’s
Readjustment Act (June 1944)
The “GI” Bill
Payments to veterans
Loan guarantees
Full tuition payments
Social Change
Japanese-Americans
Nisei
Issei
Executive Order 9066
Japanese Internment Camps
The Holocaust
Reports of Concentration Camps
Calls to attack the camps
The “final solution”
The “Jewish Question”
The War Refugee Board
The response of Eisenhower to the camps