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Download To what extent is the WWII a total war
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Country USSR Total Deaths % of Pre-war Population Military Deaths 20,600,000 10.4% 13,600,000 6,850,000 9.5% 3,250,000 France 810,000 1.9% 340,000 United States 500,000 0.4% 500,000 Great Britain 388,000 0.8% 326,000 Germany What could explain the high civilian death rate? 75 m – 200 m. Munitions Production in World War II(Expenditures in billions of dollars, US 1944 munitions prices) Year Country/ Alliance 1935-9 ave 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Total 1939–44 U.S.A. 0.3 1.5 4.5 20.0 38.0 42.0 106.3 Britain 0.5 3.5 6.5 9.0 11.0 11.0 41.5 U.S.S.R 1.6 5.0 8.5 11.5 14.0 16.0 56.6 Allies Total 2.4 10.0 20.0 41.5 64.5 70.5 204.4 Germany 2.4 6.0 6.0 8.5 13.5 17.0 53.4 Japan 0.4 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.5 6.0 16.9 Axis Total 2.8 7.0 8.0 11.5 18.0 23.0 70.3 Real Value Consumer Spending Country Year 1937 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Japan 100 107 109 111 108 99 93 78 Germa ny 100 108 117 108 105 95 94 85 USA 100 96 103 108 116 115 118 122 A nation’s economic, human, political, and scientific resources are all dedicated to the war effort. Total war requires the mobilization not only of armed forces but also of whole populations. The most crucial determinant of total war is the widespread, indiscriminate, and deliberate inclusion of civilians as legitimate military targets. Food was only reserved for the military and so the civilians were starved to death. Other supplies were also almost absent. Cloth allotted for civilians were only a regular towel sized. Japanese Rice Supply Year 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Domestic production 9,928 9,862 10,324 9,107 8,245 9,999 9,422 8,784 6,445 Imports 2,173 2,546 1,634 2,517 2,581 1,183 874 268 All rice 12,101 12,408 11,958 10,967 10,762 12,580 10,605 9,658 1,860 6,713 Suffered most loss of life and destruction Over a million citizens died at Leningrad due to food shortages Confiscated citizens’ radios bc Stalin didn’t trust citizens’ loyalty Emphasized Russian patriotism—WW2 was the Great Patriotic War—people fought for “Mother Russia,” not Communism Non-military personnel were sent out of the cities and urban centers Historic buildings were ravaged for metal to feed blast furnaces Children were “recruited” into Hitler Youth and other youth leagues Education for children was biased towards Germany, depicting Hitler as god-like Women were forced into the labor forc, and eventually were drafted into the war after shortage of men USA became the “great arsenal of democracy” Women worked in factories & served in all branches of the military