Download Toward a truly personal computer

Toward a truly
personal computer
Pattie Maes
MIT Media Lab
Firefly Network, Inc
[email protected]
ACM 97
ACM 97
THE NEXT 50 YEARS OF COMPUTING
ACM 97
ACM 97
THE NEXT 50 YEARS OF COMPUTING
Copyright  1997 ACM, Association for Computing
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ACM 97
PATTIE MAES
ACM 97
50 years of ACM
50 years of AI
Artificial Intelligence (AI):
goal: build intelligent machines
justification:
– understand intelligence
– practical applications
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AI’s holy grail
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Cog project (Brooks, MIT)
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Cog project (Brooks, MIT)
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Next 50 yrs: IA rather than AI?
Intelligence Augmentation:
human
+ machine
= super intelligence
ACM 97
Next 50 yrs: IA rather than AI?
Intelligence Augmentation:
human
+ machine
= super intelligence
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History of prosthetics
Overcoming physical limitations:
–
glasses
– hearing aids
– cars
– bicycles
– voice synthesizers
– ...
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Why do we need prosthetics
for the mind?
Overcoming cognitive limitations:
–
lousy memory
– only dealing with one thing at a
time
– probabilities, logic non-intuitive
– slow to process large amounts of
information
– ...
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97
Why do we need prosthetics
for the mind?
mismatch complexity of our lives &
our cognitive abilities:
–
too many things to keep track of
– information overload
– learn & remember more
– ...
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People are good at:

judgement
 understanding
 reasoning, problem solving
 creativity
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Computers are good at:

remembering lots of facts
 searching lots of information
 being in many places at once
 multi-tasking
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Some examples of
intelligence augmentation

memory augmentation
 “extra eyes, ears”
 automation behavior patterns
 information filtering
 matchmakers
 transactions
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Remembrance agent (MIT
Media Lab)
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Remembrance agent (MIT
Media Lab)
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Memory augmentation

help remember people, places,
names, actions, ...
 provide "just-in-time"
information
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Memory augmentation

help remember people, places,
names, actions, ...
 provide "just-in-time"
information
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Remembrance agent
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Extra eyes, ears, ...

monitors for bits as well as
atoms:
unusual price stocks
– has certain site changed?
– need more milk?
– is there fresh coffee?
– ...
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–
97
Extra eyes, ears, ...

monitors for bits as well as
atoms:
unusual price stocks
– has certain site changed?
– need more milk?
– is there fresh coffee?
– ...
ACM
–
97
Automation behavior patterns
(Media Lab)
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Automation behavior patterns
(Media Lab)
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Information Filtering
INFO
personal
information
filter
FILTERED INFO
user interest profile
user
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Information Filtering
INFO
personal
information
filter
FILTERED INFO
user interest profile
user
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Yenta (MIT Media Lab)
agent
(user profile)
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Yenta (MIT Media Lab)
agent
(user profile)
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Kasbah (MIT Media Lab)
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Kasbah example selling agent
Sell: Macintosh IIci
–
Deadline: March 10th,1997
– Start price: $900.00
– Min. price: $700.00
– Strategy: tough bargainer
– Location: local
– Level of Autonomy: check before
transaction
ACM
– Reporting Method: event
driven
97
Kasbah example selling agent
Sell: Macintosh IIci
–
Deadline: March 10th,1997
– Start price: $900.00
– Min. price: $700.00
– Strategy: tough bargainer
– Location: local
– Level of Autonomy: check before
transaction
ACM
– Reporting Method: event
driven
97
Putting it all together

Example scenarios:
–
monitoring agents & remembrance
agents
– shopping agents & matchmaking
agents
– eager assistants & filtering agents
– ...
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Hardware: “wearable
computers”
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Hardware: “things that think”
embedded
sensors
processors
communications
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Software: “Agents”
Software that is:
 personalized
 proactive
 autonomous, long-lived
 adaptive
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Software: “Digital Ecologies”
collections of people & machines:
 perform tasks in radically
distributed way
 very adaptive
 collaboration, competition,
natural selection & evolution
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“The network is the
computer”
TM
small efforts by many, rather than
large efforts by few result in
increased:
–
efficiency
– adaptivity
– robustness
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Design challenges
TRUST between human and
computer:
 understanding
 control
 privacy
ACM 97
Design challenges
TRUST between human and
computer:
 understanding
 control
 privacy
ACM 97
ACM 97