Download Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to Artificial
Intelligence
อาจารย์อุทยั เซี่ยงเจ็น
สานักเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศและการสื่ อสาร
มหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร วิทยาเขตสารสนเทศพะเยา
Artificial Intelligence
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Content
Course Overview
Course Evaluation
Reference
What is AI?
The history of Artificial Intelligence
The state of the art
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Course Overview
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Problem-Solving
Adversarial Search
Inference
National Language Processing
Fuzzy Set and Fuzzy Logic
Neural Network
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Course Evaluation
Midterm Examination
Final Examination
Project
Paper
30%
30%
30%
10%
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Reference
Stuart Russell and Peter Norving. Artificial
Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd Edition).
Pearson Education, Inc.
John Durkin. Expert Systems: Design and
Development. Macmillan Publishing Company.
Robert I. Levine and Diane E. Drang. AI and
Expert Systems: A Comprehensive Guide, C
Language (2nd Edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc.
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What is AI?
Systems that think like
humans
System that think
rationally
Systems that act like
humans
System that act
rationally
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Acting humanly: The Turing test
?
Turing “Computing machinery and intelligence”
Can machines thinks? -> Can machines behave
intelligently?
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Thinking humanly: Cognitive
Science
What level of abstraction? “Knowledge” or
“circuits”?
How to validate? Required
– Predicting and testing behavior of human
subjects (top-down)
– Direct identification from neurological data
(bottom-up)
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Thinking rationally: Laws of
Thought
Aristotle: What are correct arguments/
thought processes?
Problems:
– Not all intelligence behavior is mediated by
logical deliberation (สุ ขมุ /รอบคอบ)
– What is the purpose of thinking? What
thoughts should I have?
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Acting rationally
Rational behavior: doing the right thing
The right thing: that which expected to
maximize goal achievement, given the
available information
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Rational Agents
An agent is an entity that perceives and
acts
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Agents
Humans
Robots
Thermostats
Etc.
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The history of Artificial Intelligence
1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain
1950 Turing’s “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”
1950s Early AI Programs, including Samuel’s checkers
program, Newell & Simon’s Logic Theorist, Gelernter’s
Geometry Engine
1956 Dartmouth meeting: “Artificial Intelligence” adopted
1965 Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical
reasoning
1966-74 AI discovers computational complexity Neural
network research almost disappears
1969-79 Early development of knowledge-based
systems
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The history of Artificial Intelligence
(Cont.)
1980-88 Expert systems industry booms
1988-93 Expert systems industry busts: “AI Winter”
1985-95 Neural Networks return to popularity
1995- Agents everywhere...
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The state of the art
Autonomous planning and scheduling
Game Playing
Autonomous Control
Diagnosis
Logistics Planning
Robotics
Language understanding and problem
solving
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