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Introduction to Artificial Intelligence อาจารย์อุทยั เซี่ยงเจ็น สานักเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศและการสื่ อสาร มหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร วิทยาเขตสารสนเทศพะเยา Artificial Intelligence 1 Content Course Overview Course Evaluation Reference What is AI? The history of Artificial Intelligence The state of the art Artificial Intelligence 2 Course Overview Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Problem-Solving Adversarial Search Inference National Language Processing Fuzzy Set and Fuzzy Logic Neural Network Artificial Intelligence 3 Course Evaluation Midterm Examination Final Examination Project Paper 30% 30% 30% 10% Artificial Intelligence 4 Reference Stuart Russell and Peter Norving. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd Edition). Pearson Education, Inc. John Durkin. Expert Systems: Design and Development. Macmillan Publishing Company. Robert I. Levine and Diane E. Drang. AI and Expert Systems: A Comprehensive Guide, C Language (2nd Edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc. Artificial Intelligence 5 What is AI? Systems that think like humans System that think rationally Systems that act like humans System that act rationally Artificial Intelligence 6 Acting humanly: The Turing test ? Turing “Computing machinery and intelligence” Can machines thinks? -> Can machines behave intelligently? Artificial Intelligence 7 Thinking humanly: Cognitive Science What level of abstraction? “Knowledge” or “circuits”? How to validate? Required – Predicting and testing behavior of human subjects (top-down) – Direct identification from neurological data (bottom-up) Artificial Intelligence 8 Thinking rationally: Laws of Thought Aristotle: What are correct arguments/ thought processes? Problems: – Not all intelligence behavior is mediated by logical deliberation (สุ ขมุ /รอบคอบ) – What is the purpose of thinking? What thoughts should I have? Artificial Intelligence 9 Acting rationally Rational behavior: doing the right thing The right thing: that which expected to maximize goal achievement, given the available information Artificial Intelligence 10 Rational Agents An agent is an entity that perceives and acts Artificial Intelligence 11 Agents Humans Robots Thermostats Etc. Artificial Intelligence 12 The history of Artificial Intelligence 1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain 1950 Turing’s “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” 1950s Early AI Programs, including Samuel’s checkers program, Newell & Simon’s Logic Theorist, Gelernter’s Geometry Engine 1956 Dartmouth meeting: “Artificial Intelligence” adopted 1965 Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical reasoning 1966-74 AI discovers computational complexity Neural network research almost disappears 1969-79 Early development of knowledge-based systems Artificial Intelligence 13 The history of Artificial Intelligence (Cont.) 1980-88 Expert systems industry booms 1988-93 Expert systems industry busts: “AI Winter” 1985-95 Neural Networks return to popularity 1995- Agents everywhere... Artificial Intelligence 14 The state of the art Autonomous planning and scheduling Game Playing Autonomous Control Diagnosis Logistics Planning Robotics Language understanding and problem solving Artificial Intelligence 15