Download Evolution

In your notes,
compare the two
pictures. List at
least three
similarities and at
least three
differences
The change
of a species
over time….
Millions
of years
Changes in structure,
function and behavior
Theory: An idea
which is supported
by extensive,
repeated
experiments, but
not proven as law.
Why isn’t evolution
a law?
Limited access to
the past
Present day species
developed (evolved)
from earlier distinctly
DIFFERENT species.
The “evolution” of
Evolutionary
Theories
1.) Lamarck’s Theory:
Stated that
structures appear
because they are
needed,
Called the theory of
Use & Disuse
ex. Longer necks in
giraffes
Weismann
DISPROVED the
theory that stated
that acquired traits
can be passed on to
the next
generation.
Charles Darwin
“The Father of
Evolution”
HOW DID DARWIN START?
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
80
80
80
GR
EE
NL
AN
D
70
70
70
60
60
50
60
50
E
NORTH
40
AMERICA
A
30
T
20
PACI FI C
30
L
O
P
50
ASI A
A
OCEAN
N
T
20
20
IC
AFRI CA
10
I NDI AN
O
SOUTH
10
20
EQUATOR
OCEAN
E
10 A
AMERICA
TROPICOF CAPRICORN
30
TROPICOF CANCER
10
OCEAN
40
30
C
20
R
40
EQUATOR
10
U
E
PACIFIC
TROPICOF CANCER
10
70
60
50
40
80
D
AN
NL
EE
GR
10
N
20
20
10
20
TROPOFCAPRICORN
AUSTRALIA
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
70
80
70
80
30
30 30
40
40
50
50
60
60
70
70
80
80
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
70
70
80
ANTARCTICA80
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
70
70
80
80
1859
wrote book titled
“Origin of the Species”
Key Concepts
1. Species present now
were not created in
present forms instead
they evolved from
ancestral species
2. Natural Selection:
causes evolution
States that only
those organisms
containing the best
variations can
survive and
reproduce in a
given environment
Adaptations
• Inherited trait
• Improves an
organisms
chance of
survival
Ex: Camouflage
Individuals
who survive
are the ones
best adapted
to exist in
their
environment
Formation of a
new species due to
favorable
adaptations
gradually
accumulating,
while unfavorable
adaptations
gradually
disappear
Any organisms
which can:
1. Interbreed
2. Produce
fertile
offspring
3. Under
natural
conditions
Darwin
observed 13
species of
finches on the
Galápagos
Islands that
were similar
except for
differences in
body size, beak
shape, and
eating habits.
Noticed that all
finches were
similar to 1
finch he saw on
the South
American coast
Darwin reasoned that
the Galápagos finches
must have had to
compete for food.
Finches with
certain beak
shapes that let
them eat food
survived longer &
reproduced
more than
finches without
those beak
shapes
A person has been arrested on the
charge that he robbed $50,000 from the
First City National Bank last night.
What must the district
attorney do to prove that this
man is the robber?
Forms of
Evidence
Is the sum total of
all the fossils
discovered and
undiscovered and
their placement in
sedimentary rock
layers
A. Fossils
are the mineralized or
otherwise preserved
remains or traces
(such as footprints) of
animals, plants, and
other organisms
is the study of
similarities and
differences in the
anatomy of
organisms.
Structure and form
A. HOMOLOGOUS
STRUCTURES
When body parts
look similar in
different species but
do not perform the
same function.
An example is the
forelimb structure
shared by cats and
whales.
Homologous
Structures
are evidence that a
common ancestor exists
for the organisms being
studied
anatomy
whose bones are they?
B. Analogous
Structures
Structures that are
different but serve the
same or similar
purposes
An example is the
torpedo body shape of
porpoises and sharks
c. VESTIGIAL
STRUCTURES
describes homologous
traits of organisms
which have lost all or
most of their original
function in a species
through evolution
study of comparative
developmental anatomy
is the study of
differences in
chemical
components among
species
Examples:
Hemoglobin,
DNA,
Chromosomes
IS THE STUDY OF
DIFFERENCES IN CELL
STRUCTURE,
COMPOSTION AND
FUNCTION