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Earth Materials:
Rocks and Minerals
Rocks have many properties,
including shape, size, color,
and texture.
Geologists use rock properties
to help identify different rocks.
Rocks are made of many
ingredients.
These ingredients are called
minerals.
Minerals have only ONE
ingredient – the mineral itself.
Evaporation is a technique
used to separate liquid from
solid parts of a mixture.
Crystal patterns left from
evaporation can help us
identify minerals.
Minerals have different
properties, too.
Properties can include size, color,
shape, mass, and …
… hardness.
A scratch test is used to
find the hardness of a mineral.
The Moh’s Scale of Hardness
tells us the hardness or softness
of a mineral.
Calcite is one of the most common
minerals on Earth.
Calcite is the only mineral that
bubbles when it comes in
contact with cold acid.
Evaporation can be used as
an extra test to show a rock
contains calcite.
Granite is a rock made up of
minerals, including feldspar,
hornblende, mica, and quartz.