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Minerals: Building blocks of rocks
•
1. By definition a mineral is not
a. Naturally occurring
b. Organic
c. solid
d. ordered internal molecular structure
e. Definite chemical composition
Minerals: Building blocks of
rocks
•
1. By definition a mineral is not
a. Naturally occurring
b. Organic
c. solid
d. ordered internal molecular structure
e. Definite chemical composition
Atoms, the building block of Elements
2. Which of the following describes the central region of an
atom?
a. Nucleus, containing electrons and protons
b. Nucleus, containing protons and neutrons
c. Electron cloud, containing electrons and protons
d. Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons
2. Which of the following describes the central
region of an atom?
a. Nucleus, containing electrons and protons
b. Nucleus, containing protons and neutrons
c. Electron cloud, containing electrons and
protons
a. Electron cloud, containing electrons and
neutrons
3. When atoms lose or gain
electrons they form
a. Isotopes
b. Ions
c. Compounds
d. Minerals
3. When atoms lose or gain
electrons they form
a. Isotopes
b. Ions
c. Compounds
d. Minerals
Core Heat
- heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost - frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the
planet; and
- heat from the decay of radioactive elements.
4. Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following
describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14)
a. Same # of protons, different # of electrons
b. Same # of neutrons, different # of protons
c. Same # of protons, different #of neutrons
d. Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons
4. Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the
following describes isotopes of the same element? (for
example C-12 and C-14)
a. Same # of protons, different # of electrons
b. Same # of neutrons, different # of protons
c. Same # of protons, different #of neutrons
d. Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons
5.What are the building blocks of minerals?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Atoms
Isotopes
Rocks
Elements
Periodic Table of the Elements
5. What are the building blocks of minerals?
a. Atoms
b. Isotopes
c. Rocks
d. Elements
Composition of minerals
•
Chemical bonding
• Formation of a compound by combining two or more elements
Types of Bonding
• 6. Which subatomic particles are involved
in chemical bonding?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
Nucleus
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
Types of Bonding
• 6. Which subatomic particles are involved
in chemical bonding?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
Nucleus
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
Types of Bonding
7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of
electrons between 2 nonmetals?
a. Ionic
b. Covalent
c. Metallic
d. Hydrogen
7. Which type of bonding involves sharing
of electrons between 2 nonmetals?
a. Ionic
b. Covalent
c. Metallic
d. Hydrogen
8. Physical properties of minerals
• What is the property that describes
how a mineral reflects light?
(ex. Metallic, nonmetallic)
a.Luster
b.Cleavage
c.Fracture
d.Crystalline structure
Physical properties of minerals
• 8. What is the property that describes how a
mineral reflects light?
(ex. Metallic, nonmetallic)
a. Luster
b. Cleavage
c. Fracture
d. Crystalline structure
Physical Properties of Minerals
• 9. What is the property that describes
the tendency to break along planes of
weak bonding producing flat, shiny
surfaces?
• A. Fracture
• B. cleavage
• C. Hardness
• D. streak
Physical Properties of Minerals
• 9. What is the
property that
describes the
tendency to break
along planes of weak
bonding producing
flat, shiny surfaces?
• A. Fracture
• B. cleavage
• C. Hardness
• D. streak
• 10. Which mineral is
harder than a Copper
penny, but not a wire
nail?
• A. Calcite
• B. Apatite
• C. fluorite
• D. gypsum
10. Which mineral is
harder than a
Copper penny, but
not a wire nail?
A. Calcite
B. Apatite
C. fluorite
D. gypsum
11. What is the hardness
of a mineral that can’t be
scratched by Corundum,
but can be scratched by
Diamond?
a. 8 – 9
b. 9 – 10
c. 7 – 10
d. 7 - 9
11. What is the hardness
of a mineral that can’t be
scratched by Corundum,
but can be scratched by
Diamond?
a. 8 – 9
b. 9 – 10
c. 7 – 10
d. 7 - 9
12.Which property is the color of a mineral in
its colored form?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Color
Luster
Cleavage
Streak
12.Which property is the color of a mineral in
its colored form?
•
•
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
Color
Luster
Cleavage
Streak
Mineral groups
• Nearly 4000 minerals have been named
• Rock-forming minerals
• Common minerals that make up most of
the rocks of Earth’s crust
• Only a few dozen members
• Composed mainly of the 8 elements that
make up over 98% of the continental
crust
Mineral Groups
• 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of
Earth’s crust?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
Oxygen and Nitrogen
Oxygen and Silicon
Oxygen and Sulfur
Oxygen and Aluminum
Elemental abundances
in continental crust
13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust?
A. Oxygen and Nitrogen
B. Oxygen and Silicon
C. Oxygen and Sulfur
D. Oxygen and Aluminum
Mineral groups
• 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called
the
– a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
– B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron
– C. Silicon-oxygen triangle
– D. Silicon-aluminum triangle
Mineral Groups
14. The building block of silicate
minerals is called the
a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron
C. Silicon-oxygen triangle
D. Silicon-aluminum triangle
Non-silicates
• Important nonsilicate minerals
• Typically divided into classes based on anions
• Comprise only about 4% of Earth’s crust
• Often occur in sedimentary rocks
Mineral Groups
• 15. Olivine, MgSiO4, belongs to which
mineral group?
– A. Oxides
– B. Carbonates
– C. Halides
– D. Silicates
Mineral Groups
• 15. Olivine, MgSiO4, belongs to which
mineral group?
– A. Oxides
– B. Carbonates
– C. Halides
– D. Silicates
Mineral Groups
• 16. Corundum, Al2O3, belongs to which
mineral group?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
Oxides
Carbonates
Sulfates/Sulfides
Halides
Mineral Groups
• 16. Corundum, Al2O3, belongs to which
mineral group?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
Oxides – a metal and Oxygen
Carbonates
Sulfates/Sulfides
Halides
Mineral Groups
• 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl,
belongs to which mineral group?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
Carbonates
Halides
Native elements
Oxides
Mineral Groups
• 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl,
belongs to which mineral group?
– A. Carbonates
– B. Halides – a metal and a Halogen (group
17 on the Periodic Table such as Chlorine)
– C. Native elements
– D. Oxides
Mineral Groups
• 18. Calcite, CaCO3 , found in
stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs
to which mineral group?
– A. Halites
– B. Oxides
– C. Silicates
– D. Carbonates
Mineral Groups
• 18. Calcite, CaCO3 , found in
stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs
to which mineral group?
– A. Halites
– B. Oxides
– C. Silicates
– D. Carbonates
Mineral Groups
• 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to
which mineral group?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sulfates/sulfides
Silicates
Oxides
Native elements
Mineral Groups
• 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to
which mineral group?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sulfates/sulfides
Silicates
Oxides
Native elements
Mineral Groups
• 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to
which mineral group?
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
Oxides
Native elements
Halides
Silicates
Mineral Groups
20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag,
belong to which mineral group?
A. Oxides
B. Native elements – single
elements
C. Halides
D. Silicates