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Transcript
The Rock Cycle The Rock Cycle • Did you know that rocks don’t stay the same? They continually change form. The Rock Cycle • These 3 types of rocks continually go through processes that change them into other forms of rocks. The Rock Cycle • All rocks are made up of minerals. The Rock Cycle • There are 3 types of rocks TYPES OF ROCKS • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic The Rock Cycle • All 3 types of rocks change into other types of rocks in the rock cycle. ROCK CYCLE • The rock cycle is a never-ending process of rocks forming, weathering, and changing into other rocks ROCK CYCLE • The rock cycle is the process of recycling materials in Earth’s crust. ROCK CYCLE • Rock cycle = Recycling Materials in Earth’s crust IGNEOUS ROCKS • Only rock formed directly from magma • Magma = molten material IGNEOUS ROCKS • • • • • Processes Heating Melting Cooling Crystallizing IGNEOUS ROCKS • Formed from volcanoes or magma that cools underground IGNEOUS ROCKS • 2 Types • Extrusive = EXIT • Intrusive = IN IGNEOUS ROCKS • 2 Types • Extrusive = Exit • Forms when lava EXITS the Earth and cools TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS BASALT OBSIDIAN TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Basalt = Mid-Ocean Ridge and volcanoes BASALT TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Obsidian = glassy rock quickly cooled from volcanoes OBSIDIAN IGNEOUS ROCKS • 2 Types • Extrusive = EXIT • Intrusive = IN IGNEOUS ROCKS • • • • 2 Types Extrusive = EXIT Intrusive = IN Forms Inside the Earth when magma cools inside TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Granite is the most common continental rock. GRANITE TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS The longer a rock takes to cool, the larger the grains of crystals in the rock become. GRANITE OBSIDIAN TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS The longer a rock takes to cool, the larger the grains of crystals in the rock become. GRANITE Which rock took longer to cool, the INTRUSIVE ONE or the EXTRUSIVE ONE? OBSIDIAN SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together. • Pebbles, sand, silt, or clay are sediments • Shells and bones can also be sediments • FOSSILS! SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together. • Pebbles, sand, silt, or clay are sediments • Shells and bones can also be sediments • FOSSILS! • LAYERS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Weathering – The physical and chemical processes that BREAK DOWN rock at Earth’s surface SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Erosion – The process by which water, _______, _____, or _________ CARRY weathered rock or soil SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Erosion – The process by which water, wind, _____, or _________ CARRY weathered rock or soil SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Erosion – The process by which water, wind, ice or ________ CARRY weathered rock or soil SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Erosion – The process by which water, wind, ice or gravity CARRY weathered rock or soil SEDIMENTARY ROCKS What are the 4 Agents of Erosion that CARRY weathered rock or soil? SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Deposition = – Deposit = PUT DOWN – Put down sediment SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Compaction = – Compact = – PRESS TOGETHER – Presses sediments together = – PRESSURE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Cementation = – CEMENT = – GLUE TOGETHER – Dissolved minerals crystallize (harden) and glue sediment together SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Processes • Lithification = – Turning into ROCK – The process where loose sediment is compacted and turned into rock. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Sedimentary rocks may contain fossils SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Fossils are traces of organisms preserved in rocks SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Fossils tell us the kinds of different organisms that inhabited (lived in) specific environments during specific time periods. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • If rocks contain fragments of bone, shells, or plant remains, the rock is most likely sedimentary SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • 3 types of sedimentary rocks SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • 3 types of sedimentary rocks CLASTIC CHEMICAL ORGANIC CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS SHALE CONGLOMERATE • 3 types of sedimentary rocks 1. Clastic = forms when rock fragments are SANDSTONE squeezed together • Shale made from clay • Sandstone from sand • Conglomerate from rounded rock fragments BRECCIA • Breccia from sharp rock fragments ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ORGANIC • 3 types of sedimentary rocks 2. Organic = forms from the remains of plants and animals in thick layers • Organic = once living ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • 3 types of sedimentary rocks 2. Organic = • Coal = remains of swamp plants – A fossil fuel • Limestone = coral, clams, oysters, snails have shells that layer on ocean floor – chalk COAL LIMESTONE CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL • 3 types of sedimentary rocks 3. Chemical = forms when dissolved minerals crystallize CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE ROCK SALT GYPSUM • 3 types of sedimentary rocks 3. Chemical = • Limestone forms when dissolved calcite crystallizes • Rock Salt is the mineral halite • Gypsum is used in drywall SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary rocks are the only rocks that are formed ONLY on the SURFACE of the Earth – NOT BENEATH THE SURFACE TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE SHALE COAL METAMORPHIC ROCKS • Rocks that are changed by intense heat and pressure while inside Earth’s surface METAMORPHIC ROCKS • 2 Processes to create metamorphic rocks 1. Heat • From the interior of the Earth METAMORPHIC ROCKS • 2 Processes to create metamorphic rocks 1. Heat • From the interior of the Earth 2. Pressure • From the interior of the Earth METAMORPHIC ROCKS Metamorphic rocks can be formed from • Igneous, • sedimentary, and even • metamorphic rocks METAMORPHIC Transformations IGNEOUS METAMORPHIC GRANITE GNEISS METAMORPHIC Transformations SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC SHALE SLATE METAMORPHIC Transformations SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC SANDSTONE QUARTZITE METAMORPHIC Transformations = METAMORPHIC ROCKS SLATE SCHIST 2 Types of Metamorphic rocks 1. Foliated = layers or bands GNEISS METAMORPHIC ROCKS MARBLE QUARTZITE 2 Types of Metamorphic rocks 2. Non-Foliated = No layers or bands WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? SEDIMENTARY CONGLOMERATE WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? METAMORPHIC MARBLE WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? IGNEOUS GRANITE WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? SEDIMENTARY LIMESTONE - FOSSILS ROCK CYCLE