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Types of Rock Based on Discover God’s Creation Chapter 8-4, by Rebecca K. Fraker Organization • Rocks can be organized into three groups: – Igneous – Sedimentary – Metamorphic Igneous rock • Characteristics: – Formed as magma cools – Intrusive rocks cool slowly below ground and have a coarse texture. – Example: granite – Extrusive rocks cool above ground. Some are made up of small crystals (basalt). – Others lack crystals and have a smooth texture (obsidian), – Still others form as gas-filled lava cools (pumice) Igneous Rock-uses • Used in construction • Used to make monuments and statues • Obsidian used by Native Americans for knives and arrowheads. pumice obsidian Sedimentary Rock • Characteristics: – Most common surface rock. – Formed from sediments – Sediments are held together by minerals that act as cement. – Often shows layering. – Examples include conglomerate, shale, sandstone, and coquina limestone. Sedimentary Rock-uses • Used in construction • Used to make monuments and statues. • Used for heating and energy. • Provides important products: – Coal – Chalk – Filters conglomerate sandstone Coquina limestone Metamorphic Rock • Characteristics: – Formed from other rocks that are changed by heat and pressure. – Banding or marbleized appearance. – Examples: • Marble • Schist • Slate Metamorphic Rock-uses • Used in construction • Used to make monuments and statues marble Slate schist