Download Layers of the Earth

The
Rock
Cycle
The Rock Cycle
• Did you know
that rocks don’t
stay the same?
They
continually
change form.
The Rock Cycle
• These 3 types
of rocks
continually go
through
processes that
change them
into other forms
of rocks.
The Rock Cycle
• All rocks are
made up of
minerals.
The Rock Cycle
• There are 3
types of rocks
TYPES OF ROCKS
• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
The Rock Cycle
• All 3 types of
rocks change
into other types
of rocks in the
rock cycle.
ROCK CYCLE
• The rock cycle is
a never-ending
process of rocks
forming,
weathering, and
changing into
other rocks
ROCK CYCLE
• The rock cycle is
the process of
recycling
materials in
Earth’s crust.
ROCK CYCLE
• Rock cycle =
Recycling Materials
in
Earth’s crust
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• Only rock formed
directly from magma
• Magma = molten
material
IGNEOUS ROCKS
•
•
•
•
•
Processes
Heating
Melting
Cooling
Crystallizing
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• Formed from
volcanoes or magma
that cools underground
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• 2 Types
• Extrusive = EXIT
• Intrusive = IN
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• 2 Types
• Extrusive = Exit
• Forms when lava
EXITS the Earth and
cools
TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE
IGNEOUS ROCKS
BASALT
OBSIDIAN
TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Basalt = Mid-Ocean
Ridge and volcanoes
BASALT
TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Obsidian = glassy rock
quickly cooled from
volcanoes
OBSIDIAN
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• 2 Types
• Extrusive = EXIT
• Intrusive = IN
IGNEOUS ROCKS
•
•
•
•
2 Types
Extrusive = EXIT
Intrusive = IN
Forms Inside the
Earth when magma
cools inside
TYPES OF INTRUSIVE
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Granite is the most
common continental rock.
GRANITE
TYPES OF INTRUSIVE
IGNEOUS ROCKS
The longer a rock takes to cool, the
larger the grains of crystals in the
rock become.
GRANITE
OBSIDIAN
TYPES OF INTRUSIVE
IGNEOUS ROCKS
The longer a rock takes to cool, the
larger the grains of crystals in the
rock become.
GRANITE
Which rock took longer to cool,
the INTRUSIVE ONE or the
EXTRUSIVE ONE?
OBSIDIAN
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Formed when
particles of rocks are
pressed and cemented
together.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Formed when
particles of rocks are
pressed and cemented
together.
• Pebbles, sand, silt, or
clay are sediments
• Shells and bones can
also be sediments
• FOSSILS!
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Formed when
particles of rocks are
pressed and cemented
together.
• Pebbles, sand, silt, or
clay are sediments
• Shells and bones can
also be sediments
• FOSSILS!
• LAYERS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Weathering
– The physical and
chemical processes that
BREAK DOWN
rock at Earth’s surface
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Erosion
– The process by which
water, _______,
_____, or _________
CARRY weathered
rock or soil
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Erosion
– The process by which
water, wind, _____,
or _________
CARRY weathered
rock or soil
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Erosion
– The process by which
water, wind, ice or
________ CARRY
weathered rock or
soil
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Erosion
– The process by which
water, wind, ice or
gravity CARRY
weathered rock or
soil
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
What are the
4 Agents of Erosion
that CARRY
weathered rock or soil?
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Deposition =
– Deposit = PUT DOWN
– Put down sediment
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Compaction =
– Compact =
– PRESS TOGETHER
– Presses sediments
together =
– PRESSURE
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Cementation =
– CEMENT =
– GLUE TOGETHER
– Dissolved minerals
crystallize (harden) and
glue sediment together
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Processes
• Lithification =
– Turning into ROCK
– The process where
loose sediment is
compacted and turned
into rock.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Sedimentary rocks may
contain fossils
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Fossils are traces of
organisms preserved in
rocks
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Fossils tell us the kinds of different organisms that
inhabited (lived in) specific environments during
specific time periods.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• If rocks contain
fragments of bone,
shells, or plant
remains, the rock is
most likely
sedimentary
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• 3 types of sedimentary
rocks
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• 3 types of sedimentary
rocks
CLASTIC
CHEMICAL
ORGANIC
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
SHALE
CONGLOMERATE
• 3 types of sedimentary
rocks
1. Clastic = forms when
rock fragments are
SANDSTONE
squeezed together
• Shale made from clay
• Sandstone from sand
• Conglomerate from
rounded rock
fragments
BRECCIA
• Breccia from sharp
rock fragments
ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
ORGANIC
• 3 types of sedimentary
rocks
2. Organic = forms from
the remains of plants
and animals in thick
layers
• Organic = once living
ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• 3 types of sedimentary
rocks
2. Organic =
• Coal = remains of
swamp plants
– A fossil fuel
• Limestone = coral,
clams, oysters, snails
have shells that layer
on ocean floor
– chalk
COAL
LIMESTONE
CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
CHEMICAL
• 3 types of sedimentary
rocks
3. Chemical =
forms when dissolved
minerals crystallize
CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
LIMESTONE
ROCK SALT
GYPSUM
• 3 types of sedimentary
rocks
3. Chemical =
• Limestone forms
when dissolved calcite
crystallizes
• Rock Salt is the
mineral halite
• Gypsum is used in
drywall
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Sedimentary
rocks are the
only rocks that
are formed
ONLY on the
SURFACE of
the Earth –
NOT
BENEATH
THE
SURFACE
TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
LIMESTONE
SHALE
COAL
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• Rocks that are
changed by intense
heat and pressure
while inside Earth’s
surface
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• 2 Processes to create
metamorphic rocks
1. Heat
• From the interior of
the Earth
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• 2 Processes to create
metamorphic rocks
1. Heat
• From the interior of
the Earth
2. Pressure
• From the interior of
the Earth
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Metamorphic rocks can
be formed from
• Igneous,
• sedimentary, and
even
• metamorphic rocks
METAMORPHIC Transformations
IGNEOUS
METAMORPHIC
GRANITE
GNEISS
METAMORPHIC Transformations
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
SHALE
SLATE
METAMORPHIC Transformations
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
SANDSTONE
QUARTZITE
METAMORPHIC Transformations
=
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
SLATE
SCHIST
2 Types of Metamorphic
rocks
1. Foliated =
layers or bands
GNEISS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
MARBLE
QUARTZITE
2 Types of Metamorphic
rocks
2. Non-Foliated =
No layers or bands
WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
SEDIMENTARY
CONGLOMERATE
WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
METAMORPHIC
MARBLE
WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
IGNEOUS
GRANITE
WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
SEDIMENTARY
LIMESTONE - FOSSILS
ROCK CYCLE