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Warm-Up!
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Get your ISN, turn to page 30. Today we
are starting a new unit over ROCKS AND
MINERALS! Create a tab for this unit and
call it Rocks/Minerals
When finished wait for further directions.
Rocks and Minerals Circle Map
Rocks
and
Minerals
Brainstorm everything
you know about rocks
and minerals!
Open Your Book to Chapter 2!
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Together we will read Sections 1 and 2, then you
will finish sections 3 and 4 on your own.
As your reading, be aware of the yellow
highlighted words in the text. These are new
vocabulary words you will be responsible for
knowing!
A vocabulary worksheet will be passed out for
you to complete by the end of class. We will
grade this together.
What is a Mineral?
What do all minerals have in
common?
All:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Are formed NATURALLY, not man made
Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive
(inorganic)
Have a definite shape (no liquids or gases)
Are elements or compounds with a unique
chemical makeup
Have a crystalline structure
Groups of Minerals
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Minerals are grouped by the elements
they are made of.
Beryl (Emerald)
Calcite
Amethyst
Mineral Group
Characteristics
Contain
Silicates
oxygen & silica
The most
abundant group
of minerals
MICA
Examples
Quartz, mica
Quartz
Mineral Group
Characteristics
Make
Non-Silicates
Silver
up only
5% of the
Earth’s crust
Include some
of the most
important
minerals
Examples
iron, copper,
gold, silver,
diamonds,
rubies
Copper
Diamond
Gold
Ruby
Iron
How do minerals form?
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1) Cooling of magma (hot, liquid rock and
minerals inside the earth (from the
mantle))
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Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineraloids)
Medium Cooling = small crystals
Slow Cooling = large crystals
How do minerals form?
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2) Elements dissolved in liquids (usually
water)- water evaporates and forms the
crystal structure
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Color
 Can be misleading
 Can vary with the type of impurities
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Luster
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How a mineral
reflects light
metallic = shiny like
metal
non-metallic = dull,
non-shiny surface
Pyrite has a metallic luster
Calcite has a non-metallic luster
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Streak
 The color of the minerals
powder.
 The color of the streak can be
different than the mineral
Streak…can help identify quartz
http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Hardness
 How easily a mineral scratches
materials
 Mohs Hardness Scale
Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)
 Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch
different objects (like human fingernail, copper,
penny, glass, steel file)
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Find out more…
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“Electronic” Hardness Test
http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomy
steries/cube/b2.html
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Other Properties
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Specific gravity (*excellent clue to
mineral’s identity) http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html
Attraction to magnets
Bending of light
Reaction with hydrochloric acid
Smell & taste