Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Mrs. H. Anderson ATOMS The smallest unit of matter = ATOMS Made of : Protons (+ charge, =Atomic #, mass) Neutrons (no charge, have mass) Electrons (- charge, no mass) The PROTONS & NEUTRONS together make the center, or NUCLEUS of the atom. Electrons orbit around outside of the Nucleus Elements A pure substance made of only one type of atom, found on periodic table. Symbols have one or 2 letters (ex: H= hydrogen, He = Helium) Each atom of one element will have the same, set number of PROTONS, which makes its atomic number. A neutral, balanced element has equal numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atomic MASS = protons + neutrons [not electrons!] i.e. OXYGEN (O) has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, so it’s atomic mass~ 8+8 = 16. Atomic Mass Protons + ⬅ Atomic number (same Neutrons (hint: Atomic mass is always as the # of protons, always a whole number) larger ➘ than atomic number, usually double!) SUBATOMIC PARTICLES PROTONS are CONSTANT, never lost/gained: Make the atomic number which DEFINES an element. Example: Oxygen ALWAYS has 8 protons ELECTRONS can be gained or lost, making IONS. Lose an electron, become positive ion (ie. Na+1) Gain an electron, become negative ion (ie. Cl-1) IONS like to bond together, because OPPOSITES attract! Example: Na+ + Cl- ➞ NaCl (table salt!) NEUTRONS can be gained or lost, making ISOTOPES. Doesn’t affect atom charge (because it’s neutral) DOES affect atomic mass (= protons + neutrons) BONDING When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar Salt Caffeine H20 C6H12O6 NaCl C8H10N4O2 Formulas: How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? Water = Sugar= Salt= (H20) (C6H12O6) (NaCl) Caffeine= (C8H10N4O2) ELEMENTS HINT: How many CAPITAL letters are in the formula? BONDING • When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. • • Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar Salt Caffeine H20 C6H12O6 NaCl C8H10N4O2 • How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? • Water = 2 Sugar= 3 Salt= 2 caffeine= 4 • How many ATOMS are in one molecule of each of these? • Water = Sugar= Salt= caffeine= ATOMS HINT: Add up little numbers (subscripts) If there is no # = 1 BONDING • When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. • • Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar Salt Caffeine H20 C6H12O6 NaCl C8H10N4O2 • How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? • Water = 2 Sugar= 3 Salt= 2 caffeine= 4 • How many ATOMS are in one molecule of each of these? • Water = 3 Sugar= 24 Salt= 2 caffeine= 24 ATOMS HINT: Add up little numbers (subscripts) If there is no # = 1 WATER: H2O • YOU are ~70% water. • Water helps maintain homeostasis. • Properties of water: • Cohesion: Sticks to itself (like “bubble” on top of penny) • Adhesion: Sticks to other stuff (ex: straws / gets stuff wet) • Solvent: Water dissolves stuff • Spreads out ions = “aqueous solutions” (like salt, Koolaid…) • A “SOLUTION” = a solid or liquid (“solute”) evenly dissolved in a liquid “solvent” (often water) • In KoolAid, the mix is the solute, water is the solvent. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON Latin: Ferrum ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS ELEMENTS TO KNOW: Latin : kalium CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM ELEMENTS TO KNOW: Latin: natrium CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM SODIUM ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON Must be able to SPELL words CHLORINE and MATCH names with SYMBOLS. HYDROGEN IRON I suggest highlighting these on NITROGEN Planner Pg 140 and OXYGEN making FLASHCARDS to study. PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM SODIUM C Level Unit 2 Project: Complete the vocab study aid for KEY TERMS from Chapter 2 sections 1, 2, & 3 For each term, I’ve given you the textbook glossary definition. You need to add a basic definition PLUS an example, keyword, or picture. Now: Do vocab, study Elements, Oct. Bio in the News is due Monday!… Tomorrow: We’ll have the laptops in here. You should have time to research an A/B level U2 project!