Download Unit 4 Day 1 Intro to Atom

EQ: How has our model of
Warm Up
the atom changed over
time?
1. What is matter?
• HOT Q1: Did you make a
2. What does a
Beast
Mode
on
the
test?
“particle” look like?
If not, what are you
3. Why did Apple create
going to do for the next
the Iphone 4 when
test?
they already created
the original Iphone? • HOT Q2: How did
Democritus envision “the
atom”?
• HOT Q3: What is our
understanding of the
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
Warm Up/Objective
Test Return / Tracking
Scientists: Videos
Video: Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
Exit Ticket
Test Return / Tracking
• Averages:
– 1st Block: 76.9%
– 2nd Block: 92.1%
– 3rd Block: 79.0%
No Excuses
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obdd31Q
9PqA
This is what your test looked like…
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XrzTgvBd
6Q
Let’s reflect…
1) For my Unit 3 test, I earned ____%.
• When I received my graded test, I felt
_________because_____________________.
• I think I received this score because
• To prepare for this test, I did the following
things:
Intro to the Atom
• http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php
?video_id=105573
• Take a pile of paper clips
• Divide the pile into two equal
piles.
• Divide each of the smaller piles
into two equal piles.
• Repeat step 3 until you are down
to a pile containing only one paper
clip. That one paper clip still does
the job of a paper clip (i.e., hold
loose papers together).
• Cut that one paper clip in half. Can
half of the paper clip do the same
job as the single paper clip?
Let’s Take a Trip Through Time!
Notes: Historical Model of the Atom
In our TOC…
Unit 4: The Atom
Notes: Historical Model of the Atom, p.___
On the next clean page of your notebook…
Notes: Historical Model of the Atom Date
THOMPSON
Sequence
•
•
•
•
•
•
Democritus
Dalton
Thompson
Rutherford
Bohr
Schrödinger/Heisenberg
Democritus
460 – 370 B.C.
• First model of an
atom!
Pick a Candy!
John Dalton
1766-1844
• A given compound
always has the same
relative numbers and
kinds of atoms
Dalton’s Model
Pick a Candy !
Pick a Candy!
J.J. Thomson
1856-1940
• Discovered electron –
Cathode Ray Experiment
• Plum Pudding model 1904
– Electrons in a soup of
positive charges
Video:
http://videos.howstuffwor
ks.com/sciencechannel/29292-100greatest-discoveries-thecathode-ray-tube-
JJ Thomson’s Ideas
Plum Pudding Model
Pick a Candy!
Pick a Candy!
Ernest Rutherford
1871-1937
• Nucleus Theory 1910
– alpha particle gold foil
experiment
• An atom’s mass is
mostly in the nucleus
• The nucleus has a
positive charge
(Moseley)
• Electrons in fixed orbit
Rutherford
Video:
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?
guidAssetId=C313E1E3-D880-4896-B29EF0815F2E0A61&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=
US
Alpha Particle Experiment
Rutherford Model
Pick a Candy!
Pick a Candy!
Niels Bohr
1885-1962
• Planetary Model 1913
– Nucleus surrounded
by orbiting electrons
at different energy
levels
– Electrons have
definite orbits
• “Thought” experiment
Bohr’s Model
Pick a Candy!
Ernst Schrödinger 1887-1961
Werner Heisenberg 1901-1976
• Quantum Mechanical
Model 1926
– Electrons are in probability
zones called “orbitals”, not
orbits and the location cannot
be pinpointed
– Electrons are particles and
waves at the same time
– Developed quantum numbers
based on theories of Einstein
and Planck
Orbitals
Pick a Candy!
Atomic Theory
JJ
Thomson
Democratus
400 BC
1803
John
Dalton
1904
Niels
Bohr
1910
Ernest
Rutherford
1913
1926
Schroedinger
/ Heisenberg
Exit Ticket
1. Experiments with the cathode-ray tube demonstrated that
a. atoms are positively charged
b. visible light was influenced by a magnet
c. a cathode beam consists of negatively charged particles
d. atoms contain a nucleus
2. Why did most of the alpha particles go straight through the
gold foil in Rutherford’s experiment?
a. Most of an atom is empty space.
b. Alpha particles are positively charged.
c. Alpha particles move with high velocity.
d. The center of an atom is positively charged.
Atomic Structure
Warm Up
1. To the best of your
knowledge, what are
the parts of an atom?
Draw a picture if you
like.
2. What are some
spherical objects that
have centers which
are different from the
outside?
Essential Questions
EQ: What is the structure
of an atom?
HOT Q1: How does the
college credit system
work?
HOT Q2: What are three
subatomic particles?
HOW Q3: Are atoms
neutral?
College Credits!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Midterm and final Exam (>85%, 10 credits)
Unit Exams (>85%, 5 credits)
Quiz mastery (>85%, 3 credits)
Attendance (2 credits for perfect attendance for
whole week)
Peer tutoring (1 credit for excellent peer tutoring)
Participation (1 credit for excellent participation
(question or comment) during class)
Classroom Leader Compensation (3 credits/week)
What else do you think should factor into system?
• Point breakdown
– Honor society = 24 pts
– Bachelors Degree= 48 pts
– Masters Degree = 72 pts
– Doctor of Philosophy in Science= 96 pts
Classroom Leadership Positions
Classroom Leadership Positions
Classroom Leadership Positions
Classroom Leadership Positions
**Please note, other positions may be added at
a later date. If you do not see a position that
suits you, you may suggest a position. If you
suggest a position, please offer a clear job
description.
**If you are selected for a position, you will be
required to sign a contract. You will also be
given a more detailed description of your
duties and responsibilities.
Application Process
• Fill out application and return to me Monday,
October 3rd
• I will be making decision regarding classroom
leadership positions by Wednesday, October
5th
Video: Atomic Structure
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm
?guidAssetId=f6b8c2bb-fb87-472d-82d0f9d21de42161&blnFromSearch=1&productco
de=HUB
Video Summary:
Consensus
Amu = atomic mass unit
PToE
• DO NOT LOSE THIS!!!
Atomic Number
The number of protons “defines” the element. For example:
 hydrogen atoms always contain 1 proton
 carbon atoms always contain 6 protons
The number of protons in an atom is known as
the atomic number.
It is the smaller of the two numbers shown in most
periodic tables.
More about atomic number
If the number of protons changes, then the atom becomes a different element.
Changes in the number of particles in
the nucleus (protons or neutrons) are
very rare. They only take place in
nuclear processes such as:
 radioactive decay
 nuclear bombs
 nuclear reactors.
• Ordinary atoms are NEUTRAL. They have the
same number of PROTONS and ELECTRONS
thus, the positive and negative charges are
EQUAL, so they cancel each other out
What is the atomic number?
sodium
iron
tin
fluorine
What
is
atomic
mass?
Electrons have a mass of almost zero, which means that the mass of each atom results
almost entirely from the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
The sum of the protons and neutrons
in an atom’s nucleus is the atomic mass.
Atomic mass = number of protons + number of neutrons
Element
Protons
Neutrons
Helium
2
2
Fluorine
9
10
Atomic Mass
How many neutrons?
number of neutrons = atomic mass - number of protons
How many neutrons are there in these atoms?
Element
Protons
Neutrons
Atomic Mass
Strontium
38
88
Zirconium
40
91
Who I am I?
I discovered the electron through the use of
cathode rays.
Created the plum pudding model and thought
(incorrectly) that electrons were in the center
of an atom.
Who I am I?
I proposed that atoms can combine in fixed
ratios to form new substances
Who Am I?
• I proved that electrons exist only in discrete
energy states
Who I am I?
We found that electrons can behave both as a
particle and as a wave
We found that you cannot pinpoint the exact
location of an electron
Who I am I?
I discovered that most of the mass in an atom is
concentrated in a dense, “nucleus” at the
center of the atom.
I found this through the gold foil experiment.
Worksheet 4.1
• Fill it out. Fill it out. Fill it out.
Exit Ticket
• How many protons and electrons are in a neutral
Magnesium atom? (use your Periodic Table)
• Label each of the following parts
C
A
B