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EQ: How has our model of Warm Up the atom changed over time? 1. What is matter? • HOT Q1: Did you make a 2. What does a Beast Mode on the test? “particle” look like? If not, what are you 3. Why did Apple create going to do for the next the Iphone 4 when test? they already created the original Iphone? • HOT Q2: How did Democritus envision “the atom”? • HOT Q3: What is our understanding of the Agenda • • • • • • Warm Up/Objective Test Return / Tracking Scientists: Videos Video: Atomic Structure Atomic Structure Exit Ticket Test Return / Tracking • Averages: – 1st Block: 76.9% – 2nd Block: 92.1% – 3rd Block: 79.0% No Excuses • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obdd31Q 9PqA This is what your test looked like… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XrzTgvBd 6Q Let’s reflect… 1) For my Unit 3 test, I earned ____%. • When I received my graded test, I felt _________because_____________________. • I think I received this score because • To prepare for this test, I did the following things: Intro to the Atom • http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php ?video_id=105573 • Take a pile of paper clips • Divide the pile into two equal piles. • Divide each of the smaller piles into two equal piles. • Repeat step 3 until you are down to a pile containing only one paper clip. That one paper clip still does the job of a paper clip (i.e., hold loose papers together). • Cut that one paper clip in half. Can half of the paper clip do the same job as the single paper clip? Let’s Take a Trip Through Time! Notes: Historical Model of the Atom In our TOC… Unit 4: The Atom Notes: Historical Model of the Atom, p.___ On the next clean page of your notebook… Notes: Historical Model of the Atom Date THOMPSON Sequence • • • • • • Democritus Dalton Thompson Rutherford Bohr Schrödinger/Heisenberg Democritus 460 – 370 B.C. • First model of an atom! Pick a Candy! John Dalton 1766-1844 • A given compound always has the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms Dalton’s Model Pick a Candy ! Pick a Candy! J.J. Thomson 1856-1940 • Discovered electron – Cathode Ray Experiment • Plum Pudding model 1904 – Electrons in a soup of positive charges Video: http://videos.howstuffwor ks.com/sciencechannel/29292-100greatest-discoveries-thecathode-ray-tube- JJ Thomson’s Ideas Plum Pudding Model Pick a Candy! Pick a Candy! Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937 • Nucleus Theory 1910 – alpha particle gold foil experiment • An atom’s mass is mostly in the nucleus • The nucleus has a positive charge (Moseley) • Electrons in fixed orbit Rutherford Video: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm? guidAssetId=C313E1E3-D880-4896-B29EF0815F2E0A61&blnFromSearch=1&productcode= US Alpha Particle Experiment Rutherford Model Pick a Candy! Pick a Candy! Niels Bohr 1885-1962 • Planetary Model 1913 – Nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons at different energy levels – Electrons have definite orbits • “Thought” experiment Bohr’s Model Pick a Candy! Ernst Schrödinger 1887-1961 Werner Heisenberg 1901-1976 • Quantum Mechanical Model 1926 – Electrons are in probability zones called “orbitals”, not orbits and the location cannot be pinpointed – Electrons are particles and waves at the same time – Developed quantum numbers based on theories of Einstein and Planck Orbitals Pick a Candy! Atomic Theory JJ Thomson Democratus 400 BC 1803 John Dalton 1904 Niels Bohr 1910 Ernest Rutherford 1913 1926 Schroedinger / Heisenberg Exit Ticket 1. Experiments with the cathode-ray tube demonstrated that a. atoms are positively charged b. visible light was influenced by a magnet c. a cathode beam consists of negatively charged particles d. atoms contain a nucleus 2. Why did most of the alpha particles go straight through the gold foil in Rutherford’s experiment? a. Most of an atom is empty space. b. Alpha particles are positively charged. c. Alpha particles move with high velocity. d. The center of an atom is positively charged. Atomic Structure Warm Up 1. To the best of your knowledge, what are the parts of an atom? Draw a picture if you like. 2. What are some spherical objects that have centers which are different from the outside? Essential Questions EQ: What is the structure of an atom? HOT Q1: How does the college credit system work? HOT Q2: What are three subatomic particles? HOW Q3: Are atoms neutral? College Credits! • • • • • • • • Midterm and final Exam (>85%, 10 credits) Unit Exams (>85%, 5 credits) Quiz mastery (>85%, 3 credits) Attendance (2 credits for perfect attendance for whole week) Peer tutoring (1 credit for excellent peer tutoring) Participation (1 credit for excellent participation (question or comment) during class) Classroom Leader Compensation (3 credits/week) What else do you think should factor into system? • Point breakdown – Honor society = 24 pts – Bachelors Degree= 48 pts – Masters Degree = 72 pts – Doctor of Philosophy in Science= 96 pts Classroom Leadership Positions Classroom Leadership Positions Classroom Leadership Positions Classroom Leadership Positions **Please note, other positions may be added at a later date. If you do not see a position that suits you, you may suggest a position. If you suggest a position, please offer a clear job description. **If you are selected for a position, you will be required to sign a contract. You will also be given a more detailed description of your duties and responsibilities. Application Process • Fill out application and return to me Monday, October 3rd • I will be making decision regarding classroom leadership positions by Wednesday, October 5th Video: Atomic Structure http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm ?guidAssetId=f6b8c2bb-fb87-472d-82d0f9d21de42161&blnFromSearch=1&productco de=HUB Video Summary: Consensus Amu = atomic mass unit PToE • DO NOT LOSE THIS!!! Atomic Number The number of protons “defines” the element. For example: hydrogen atoms always contain 1 proton carbon atoms always contain 6 protons The number of protons in an atom is known as the atomic number. It is the smaller of the two numbers shown in most periodic tables. More about atomic number If the number of protons changes, then the atom becomes a different element. Changes in the number of particles in the nucleus (protons or neutrons) are very rare. They only take place in nuclear processes such as: radioactive decay nuclear bombs nuclear reactors. • Ordinary atoms are NEUTRAL. They have the same number of PROTONS and ELECTRONS thus, the positive and negative charges are EQUAL, so they cancel each other out What is the atomic number? sodium iron tin fluorine What is atomic mass? Electrons have a mass of almost zero, which means that the mass of each atom results almost entirely from the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus is the atomic mass. Atomic mass = number of protons + number of neutrons Element Protons Neutrons Helium 2 2 Fluorine 9 10 Atomic Mass How many neutrons? number of neutrons = atomic mass - number of protons How many neutrons are there in these atoms? Element Protons Neutrons Atomic Mass Strontium 38 88 Zirconium 40 91 Who I am I? I discovered the electron through the use of cathode rays. Created the plum pudding model and thought (incorrectly) that electrons were in the center of an atom. Who I am I? I proposed that atoms can combine in fixed ratios to form new substances Who Am I? • I proved that electrons exist only in discrete energy states Who I am I? We found that electrons can behave both as a particle and as a wave We found that you cannot pinpoint the exact location of an electron Who I am I? I discovered that most of the mass in an atom is concentrated in a dense, “nucleus” at the center of the atom. I found this through the gold foil experiment. Worksheet 4.1 • Fill it out. Fill it out. Fill it out. Exit Ticket • How many protons and electrons are in a neutral Magnesium atom? (use your Periodic Table) • Label each of the following parts C A B