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ATOMIC THEORY Set up Cornell Notes Write G3 in upper right corner 1 Atom the smallest particle of matter from the Greek word atomos meaning uncuttable or indivisible 2 Democritus 430 B.C. Atomic Theory …in 1600s …grew as a series of models that developed from experimental evidence. As more evidence was collected, the theory and models were revised. 3 Dalton’s Atomic Theory Proposed in 1803 …laid the groundwork for later atomic models. Over time, his original theory has been expanded and updated. 4 John Dalton 1766 - 1844 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1. 2. 3. 4. Atoms can’t be divided. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike with the same mass. Atom of one element can’t be changed into an atom of a different element. Atoms can’t be created or destroyed, only rearranged. Compounds are composed of atoms of different elements in specific ratios. 5 Dalton’s Atomic Theory With a few exceptions, Dalton’s theory is used TODAY! 6 Thomson’s Model Proposed model in 1897 …atoms contain negatively charged electrons embedded on a positively charged sphere. 7 Joseph John Thomson 1856-1940 Rutherford’s Model Proposed model in 1911 … atom contained a tiny core called a nucleus with positively-charged protons. 8 Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937 Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment 9 Bohr’s Model Proposed model in 1913 … electrons moving around the nucleus in fixed orbits that have a set amount of energy. 10 Niels Bohr 1885-1962 Cloud Model Proposed model in 1920 … electrons move rapidly in every direction around the nucleus. 11 Modern Atomic Model Proposed model in 1932 … at the center of the atom is a massive nucleus made of protons and neutrons with a cloudlike region surrounding it. 12 James Chadwick 1891-1974 ATOMIC THEORY TIMELINE On a piece of notebook paper (attached to your Cornell Notes), create a timeline of the development of the atomic theory from 430 BC through 1932. Include the following on your timeline: year of the proposed model, idea, or advancement name of the scientist responsible for the idea or model (if there is one) sketch of the model with labels for each part (if there is a model) 13 ATOMIC THEORY DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 1600 430BC 180 3 1897 1911 14 1913 192 0 193 2 Check for comprehension: Review Reinforce Assess 15 MIXED UP CARDS ACTIVITY 16 MIXED UP CARDS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Number students in group 1 – 4 (if only 3 students, student #1 is also #4). Place the cards on the table with the numbers facing up, all mixed up. Student #1 designs a plan to organize the cards and writes it on paper. Student #2 organizes the card according to the plan. Student #3 tells student #4 what card to find. Student #2 records how long it takes to find the card. Repeat this step 3 times. Record your time. Repeat all above steps switching student rolls within your group. 17 18 Metal Inert gas Nonmetal (green) (yellow/orange) Groups (Families) zig-zag (white) separates metals from nonmetals Periods (blue) Semimetal 19 F10 Periodic Table of Elements 1. 2. Set up Cornell Notes Page G6 20 Periodic Table Organization Mendeleev organized the first periodic table by increasing atomic mass. Modern periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number (number of p+). 21 Periodic Table Increasing atomic numbers Organization from left to right. Classes: Metal Periods: 7 horizontal rows Metals on left starting with most Semimetal reactive Nonmetal Nonmetals on right with most reactive on far right next to inert gases Inert gas (a.k.a. Semimetals found in between Noble Gases) metals and nonmetals Groups (Families): 18 vertical columns Elements with similar characteristics 22 Metal Inert gas Nonmetal (green) (yellow/orange) Groups (Families) zig-zag (white) separates Nonmetals most metals from reactive to least nonmetals Periods (blue) Semimetal Metals most reactive to least 23 F10 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Nonmetals most reactive to least Metals most reactive to least 24 F10 onesum or two letters representing the -- the number of protons of protons andinneutrons the name of of the nucleus in the nucleus anelement. atom. of an atom. 1 H Hydrogen 1.01 Atomic number Chemical symbol Element name Atomic mass 25 Periodic Table Search On scratch paper, create two questions that require searching the periodic table for the answers. Make your questions challenging! Example: What nonmetal is highly reactive and has the lowest mass? Answer: Fluorine B ***Write the answers in the margin of your CN. 26 Check for comprehension: Review Reinforce Assess 27 Properties of Metals 1. 2. Set up Cornell Notes Page G8 28 Metals Good conductors of electric current and heat. Physical Properties: 29 Luster The shine of an element. 30 Malleable Material that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes. 31 Ductile Material that can be pulled out or drawn into a long wire. 32 Thermal Conductivity Ability of an object to transfer heat. 33 Electrical Conductivity Ability of an object to transfer electric current. 34 Chemical Properties Reactivity: ease and speed a substance reacts with another substance. Corrosion: gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction. 35 Check for comprehension: Review Reinforce Assess 36 Periodic Table Groups 1. 2. Set up Cornell Notes page Write G?? in upper right corner of notes page 37 Alkali Metals Group 1: React with other elements by losing one electron Highly reactive Most important are sodium & potassium. Sodium reacting with water 38 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families) separates Periods metals from nonmetals 39 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2: React with other elements by losing two electrons Fairly hard, graywhite, good electrical conductor Most common are magnesium & calcium Magnesium crystals 40 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families separates Periods metals from nonmetals 41 Transition Metals Iron Groups 3 - 12: Most are shiny & hard Good electrical conductors Most common are iron, copper, nickel, silver, gold 42 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families separates Periods metals from nonmetals 43 Metals in Mixed Groups Groups 13 - 15: only some of the elements in these groups are metals never found uncombined in nature most familiar are aluminum, tin, & lead Lead 44 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families) separates Periods metals from nonmetals 45 Lanthanides Below main part of table: often mixed with more common metals to make alloys usually found together in nature combined with other elements Terbium 46 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families) separates Periods metals from nonmetals Lanthanide s 47 Actinides Below lanthanides: elements after uranium are man-made very unstable Plutonium 48 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families) separates Periods metals from nonmetals Lanthanide s Actinides 49 Synthetic Elements Made by forcing nuclear particles to crash into one another. Particle Accelerator: used to speed up atomic nuclei 50 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Nonmetals most reactive to least Metals most reactive to least 51 F10 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families) separates Periods metals from nonmetals 52 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families separates Periods metals from nonmetals 53 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families separates Periods metals from nonmetals 54 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families) separates Periods metals from nonmetals 55 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families) separates Periods metals from nonmetals Lanthanides 56 Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups zig-zag (Families) separates Periods metals from nonmetals Lanthanides Actinides 57 Read pages 148 – 155 including figures. 1.AS YOU READ, circle and label the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and halogen families on your periodic table (F10). 2.In Cornell Notes style, define the “Key Terms” listed on page 148 using pages 148-155. DO NOT use the glossary. (G8) 3.On page 155, complete “Section 4 Assessment, Reviewing Key Concepts” on notebook paper. Answer in complete sentences. Don't write the questions. (G8) 58 QUIZ 1.Atomic structure: subatomic particles, their charges, location, & mass. 2.How periodic table was organized & how chemists changed it to what we use today. 3.Organization of periodic table: groups & periods, reactivity of metals & nonmetals. 59 ADD SECTION 4.4 SECTION 4.5 – USE READING/NOTETAKING PACKET Check for comprehension: Review Reinforce Assess 60