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ATOMIC
THEORY
Set up Cornell Notes
Write G3 in upper right corner
1
Atom
the smallest
particle of matter
from the Greek
word atomos
meaning
uncuttable or
indivisible
2
Democritus
430 B.C.
Atomic Theory
…in 1600s
…grew as a series of models
that developed from
experimental evidence.
As more evidence was collected, the
theory and models were revised.
3
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Proposed in 1803
…laid the
groundwork for later
atomic models.
Over time, his original
theory has been
expanded and updated.
4
John Dalton
1766 - 1844
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
Atoms can’t be divided.
Atoms of the same element are
exactly alike with the same mass.
Atom of one element can’t be
changed into an atom of a different
element. Atoms can’t be created or
destroyed, only rearranged.
Compounds are composed of
atoms of different elements in
specific ratios.
5
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
With a few
exceptions, Dalton’s
theory is used
TODAY!
6
Thomson’s Model
Proposed model in 1897
…atoms contain
negatively charged
electrons
embedded on a
positively charged
sphere.
7
Joseph John Thomson
1856-1940
Rutherford’s Model
Proposed model in 1911
… atom contained
a tiny core called a
nucleus with
positively-charged
protons.
8
Ernest Rutherford
1871-1937
Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
9
Bohr’s Model
Proposed model in 1913
… electrons moving
around the nucleus
in fixed orbits that
have a set amount of
energy.
10
Niels Bohr
1885-1962
Cloud Model
Proposed model in 1920
… electrons
move rapidly in
every direction
around the
nucleus.
11
Modern Atomic Model
Proposed model in 1932
… at the center of the
atom is a massive
nucleus made of
protons and neutrons
with a cloudlike region
surrounding it.
12
James Chadwick
1891-1974
ATOMIC THEORY TIMELINE
On a piece of notebook paper (attached to your Cornell
Notes), create a timeline of the development of the
atomic theory from 430 BC through 1932.
Include the following on your timeline:
 year of the proposed model, idea, or
advancement
 name of the scientist responsible for the idea or
model (if there is one)
 sketch of the model with labels for each part (if
there is a model)
13
ATOMIC THEORY DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE
1600
430BC
180
3
1897
1911
14
1913
192
0
193
2
Check for comprehension:
 Review
 Reinforce
 Assess
15
MIXED UP CARDS ACTIVITY
16
MIXED UP CARDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Number students in group 1 – 4 (if only 3 students,
student #1 is also #4).
Place the cards on the table with the numbers facing
up, all mixed up.
Student #1 designs a plan to organize the cards and
writes it on paper.
Student #2 organizes the card according to the plan.
Student #3 tells student #4 what card to find.
Student #2 records how long it takes to find the
card. Repeat this step 3 times. Record your time.
Repeat all above steps switching student rolls
within your group.
17
18
Metal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
(green)
(yellow/orange) Groups
(Families)
zig-zag (white)
separates
metals from
nonmetals
Periods
(blue)
Semimetal
19
F10
Periodic Table of Elements
1.
2.
Set up Cornell Notes
Page G6
20
Periodic Table Organization
 Mendeleev organized the first
periodic table by increasing
atomic mass.
 Modern periodic table is
organized by increasing atomic
number (number of p+).
21
Periodic Table Increasing atomic numbers
Organization from left to right.
Classes:
Metal
Periods:
7 horizontal rows
Metals on left starting with most
Semimetal
reactive
Nonmetal
Nonmetals on right with most
reactive on far right next to inert gases
Inert gas (a.k.a.
Semimetals
found
in
between
Noble Gases)
metals and nonmetals
Groups (Families):
18 vertical columns
Elements with similar
characteristics
22
Metal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
(green)
(yellow/orange) Groups
(Families)
zig-zag (white)
separates
Nonmetals most
metals from
reactive
to
least
nonmetals
Periods
(blue)
Semimetal
Metals most reactive to least
23
F10
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Nonmetals most
reactive to least
Metals most reactive to least
24
F10
onesum
or two
letters
representing
the
-- the
number
of protons
of protons
andinneutrons
the
name
of of
the
nucleus
in
the nucleus
anelement.
atom.
of an atom.
1
H
Hydrogen
1.01
Atomic number
Chemical symbol
Element name
Atomic mass
25
Periodic Table Search
On scratch paper, create two questions that require
searching the periodic table for the answers. Make your
questions challenging!
Example:
What nonmetal is highly reactive and has the lowest
mass?
Answer:
Fluorine
B
***Write the answers in the margin of
your CN.
26
Check for comprehension:
 Review
 Reinforce
 Assess
27
Properties of Metals
1.
2.
Set up Cornell Notes
Page G8
28
Metals
Good conductors of electric
current and heat.
Physical
Properties:
29
Luster
The shine
of an
element.
30
Malleable
Material that
can be
hammered
or rolled into
flat sheets
or other
shapes.
31
Ductile
Material that
can be
pulled out
or drawn
into a long
wire.
32
Thermal Conductivity
Ability of an
object to
transfer
heat.
33
Electrical Conductivity
Ability of an
object to
transfer
electric
current.
34
Chemical Properties
Reactivity:
ease and speed a
substance reacts
with another
substance.
Corrosion:
gradual wearing
away of a metal
due to a chemical
reaction.
35
Check for comprehension:
 Review
 Reinforce
 Assess
36
Periodic Table Groups
1.
2.
Set up Cornell Notes page
Write G?? in upper right corner of notes
page
37
Alkali Metals
Group 1:

React with other
elements by losing
one electron

Highly reactive
Most
important
are sodium &
potassium.
Sodium reacting with water
38
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families)
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
39
Alkaline Earth
Metals
Group 2:
 React with other
elements by losing two
electrons

Fairly hard, graywhite, good electrical
conductor
Most
common are
magnesium & calcium
Magnesium crystals
40
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
41
Transition Metals
Iron
Groups 3 - 12:

Most are shiny &
hard

Good electrical
conductors
Most
common are
iron, copper, nickel,
silver, gold
42
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
43
Metals in Mixed Groups
Groups 13 - 15:
only some of the
elements in these
groups are metals

never found
uncombined in
nature

most familiar are
aluminum, tin, & lead

Lead
44
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families)
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
45
Lanthanides
Below main part
of table:

often mixed with
more common
metals to make
alloys

usually found
together in nature
combined with
other elements
Terbium
46
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families)
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
Lanthanide
s
47
Actinides
Below
lanthanides:
 elements after
uranium are
man-made

very unstable
Plutonium
48
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families)
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
Lanthanide
s
Actinides
49
Synthetic Elements
Made by forcing
nuclear particles
to crash into one
another.
Particle
Accelerator:
used to speed up
atomic nuclei
50
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Nonmetals most
reactive to least
Metals most reactive to least
51
F10
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families)
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
52
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
53
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
54
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families)
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
55
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families)
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
Lanthanides
56
Metal
Semimetal
Inert gas
Nonmetal
Groups zig-zag
(Families)
separates
Periods
metals from
nonmetals
Lanthanides
Actinides
57
Read pages 148 – 155 including
figures.
1.AS YOU READ, circle and label the carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen, and halogen families on
your periodic table (F10).
2.In Cornell Notes style, define the “Key Terms”
listed on page 148 using pages 148-155. DO
NOT use the glossary. (G8)
3.On page 155, complete “Section 4
Assessment, Reviewing Key Concepts” on
notebook paper. Answer in complete
sentences. Don't write the questions. (G8)
58
QUIZ
1.Atomic structure: subatomic particles, their
charges, location, & mass.
2.How periodic table was organized & how
chemists changed it to what we use today.
3.Organization of periodic table: groups &
periods, reactivity of metals & nonmetals.
59
ADD SECTION 4.4
SECTION 4.5 – USE READING/NOTETAKING PACKET
Check for comprehension:
 Review
 Reinforce
 Assess
60