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The Atom *Matter is made up of atoms. *An atom is the smallest whole particle of matter. * Sub-Atomic particles are smaller than atoms and are the tiny particles that an atom is made of. An atom has three parts: Proton = positive Neutron = no charge Electron = negative The proton & neutron are found in the center of the atom, a place called the nucleus. The electrons orbit the nucleus. What are elements? Elements are the alphabet to the language of molecules. To make molecules, you must have elements. Elements are made of atoms. While the atoms may have different weights and organization, they are all built in the same way. Early Models of the Atom Rutherford Mostly empty space Small, positive nucleus Contained protons Negative electrons scattered around the outside Early Models of the Atom Bohr Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus Modern Model of the Atom The electron cloud Sometimes called the wave model Spherical cloud of varying density Varying density shows where an electron is more or less likely to be Atomic Structure Nucleus – Protons – Neutrons Electrons Atomic Structure Electrons Tiny, very light particles Have a negative electrical charge (-) Move around the outside of the nucleus Atomic Structure Protons Much larger and heavier than electrons Protons have a positive charge (+) Located in the nucleus of the atom Atomic Structure Neutrons Large and heavy like protons Neutrons have no electrical charge Located in the nucleus of the atom Atomic Structure