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The Atom Chemistry Vocabulary and Notes What is an atom? An atom is the smallest particle into which an element (such as gold) can be divided and still maintain the properties of that element. Vocabulary - 1 • ELEMENT -substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical/physical means • ATOMIC NUMBER -number of protons in nucleus • ATOMIC MASS UNIT (amu)-unit used to measure particles in atoms • VALENCE ELECTRON - electrons located farthest away from nucleus • CHEMICAL BOND - force that holds chemicals together ATOMIC STRUCTURE Atoms are made up of even smaller particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. PROTONS (+)– positively charged particles located in the nucleus NEUTRONS (0)– electrically neutral particles located in the nucleus ELECTRONS (-)– negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus ATOM Atom Notes • • • • • Nucleus-core of atom, made of proton (+), neutrons Atom neutral when protons = electrons (-) Atomic number = number of protons AMU measures particles in atom Electrons roam around nucleus in electronic cloud – are in constant motion • Protons have almost 2000 times as much mass as electrons • Electrons attract protons in nearby atoms • Attraction forms molecules Atom Notes - cont. • Atomic Mass = number of protons + number of neutrons • 1st shell = 2 • 2nd shell = 8 • 3rd shell = 18 • 4th shell = 32 • 5th ,6th,7th have various amounts, depending on type of molecule formed with max of 32, 18, and 2 respectively • Most of the atom’s volume is the space where the electrons move Valence Electrons • Are the electrons that are farthest away from the nucleus • Determines many properties of the atom and therefore of the element • Forms chemical bonds with other atoms • Can range from 1 to 8 • Are represented by an electron dot diagram