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Using the Periodic Table of Elements May 24, 2017 Terms to Know Atomic number - the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It also tells you how many electrons there are. Example: Carbon has an atomic number of 6; how many protons does carbon have? Electrons? Mass number (Atomic Weight) - the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. This number is usually larger than the atomic number. Example: Carbon has 6 neutrons and 6 protons. What is the mass number? Finding the number of neutrons Number of neutrons = mass number (atomic weight) - atomic number. Find the number of neutrons in Nitrogen. Terms to Know Isotopes – are different forms of the same element. They only differ in the number of neutrons in the atom's nucleus. The number of protons ALWAYS remains the same. Radioactivity – in some instances the nucleus of an atom becomes unstable and emits radiation. Carbon Isotope Periodic Table The groups, moving from left to right, are metals , metalloids , and non-metals. Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals . Groups of the Periodic Table Metal group – These elements have one, two, or three electrons in the outermost energy level and share electrons more easily than other elements. Examples include Co, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, and Sn. Nonmetal group – These elements have four five, six, and seven electrons in the outermost energy level and do not lose or share electrons easily. Examples include C, N, and O. Metalloid group – This group has properties of BOTH METALS and NONMETALS. Examples include B, As, and Si.