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REPUBLICA ARGENTINA Seminar of Governmental Experts Bonn, May 17, 2005 REPUBLICA ARGENTINA CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACTS AND MAJOR CONCERNS CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND MAJOR CONCERNS Water shortage due to increasing temperatures Glaciers receding Sea level rise impact in Buenos Aires Increasing frequency of extreme storms THE PLATA BASIN (shared with other 4 countries) 75% OF THE PRECIPITATION EVAPORATES. ONLY ABOUT 25% RUNOFF TO THE RIVERS A 4°C WARMING WOULD INCREASE EVAPORATION BY 30% AGRICULTURE HIDROPOWER NAVEGATION WATER SUPPLY ARE HIGHLY VULNERABLE TO CLIMATE CHANGE GLACIER RECEDING (48 out of 50) Glacier Upsala Picture from a plane, Nov, 1968 Landsat image, May 2004 GLACIER RECEDING (48 out of 50) 25% OF ARGENTINA POWER INSTALLED IN COMAHUE Río CAPACITY Negro vs. (RíoIS Limay + Río Neuquén) 2000 Río Negro Río Limay + Río Neuquén 1800 1600 3 caudal anual (m /s) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 GENERATION HAS ALREADY BEEN DEPLETED BY 30% AIACC Project Sea level rise effect Area flooded with a return period of 5 years Year 2070: 1.5 M persons affected 2050- 2100 Damages: About 10 B U$S PRECIPITATIONS Precipitation events of more than 100 mm in less than 48 hours in 16 stations of central and eastern Argentina CLIMATE CHANGE For Argentina is vital to address climate change because: • it is a new and additional barrier to sustainable development • its adverse effects divert resources essential to social policies (housing, health, education and environment) Thus, it is of the country’s interest to contribute to the international climate policy regime after 2012 REPUBLICA ARGENTINA MITIGATION MITIGATION In the last three decades: • Hydroelectric power (50% of electricity generation) • Substitution of fuel oil for natural gas in combined cycles • The largest automotive fleet run with natural gas (1,100,000 vehicles) • Subsidies to Wind Energy MITIGATION RESULTS: ENERGY MIX COMPARISON 1970 2003 80 70 60 50 % 40 30 20 10 0 Hidraulic Energy Nuclear Natural Gas Oil Mineral Coal Wood Bagasse Others MITIGATION CARBON SEQUESTRATION FORESTRY: 258.747 Ha (2000 - 2004) Forest Promotion Law MINIMUM TILLAGE: 14 M hectares 62% of the total crop land MITIGATION CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM 75 Projects in the pipeline representing 15 M tons of CO2 reductions We believe that CDM is to be successful Argentina can make a substantial contribution After 2012, it is necessary to expand the scope of CDM to include all possible means of achieving emission reductions REPUBLICA ARGENTINA ADAPTATION ADAPTATION Argentina is already working on adaptation It has several Programs, i.e.: • Water Management Infrastructure • National Climate Scenarios Program • National Adverse Effects Impact Program Several major problems have been identified, but there are severe financial constraints due to heavy public debt ADAPTATION Argentina is already working on adaptation Like in other developing countries, adaptation requires of international cooperation Buenos Aires Program of Work on Adaptation and Response Measures is a proper initiative to conduct and enhance this cooperation REPUBLICA ARGENTINA We should not wait till 2012 to think about the future