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Earth Observation with COSMIC 0 COSMIC at a Glance Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (ROCSAT-3) 6 Satellites launched in late 2005 Orbits: alt=800km, Inc=72deg, ecc=0 Weather + Space Weather data Global observations of: ● ● ● ● Pressure, Temperature, Humidity Refractivity TEC, Ionospheric Electron Density Ionospheric Scintillation Demonstrate quasi-operational GPS limb sounding with global coverage in near-real time Climate Monitoring Geodetic Research 1 COSMIC Status 2 3 Figure: T. Yunck 4 QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. 5 Radio occultation for Climate 6 COSMIC high resolution profiles Profile the (sporadic) ionospheric E-layer with ~1-km vertical resolution Area dominated by noise - used for noise calibration of profile Area affected by noise - profiles are noisy and/or affected by climatology Highest quality profiles 5-30 km Some profiles affected by boundary layer effects (super refraction) 7 GPS RO Minus NCEP 50 mb S. hemisphere 8 Climate Change and Geopotential Heights 9 Climate change effect on Temperature and Bending Angles Temperature change due to 2xCO2 Bending Angle change due to 2xCO2 Radio occultation (RO) bending angles are a potentially better indicator for a stratospheric climate signal than RO temperatures. 10 Climate Research with RO Data •Investigate potential biases in RO time series •Investigate use of geopotential height, bending angles, or refractivity for climate studies •Climate process studies (Bill Randel’s work) 11 GPS Operational Tracking Scenario GPS receiver shall measure GPS L1&L2 phase and amplitude for (1) ionospheric profiling; (2) plasmaspheric monitoring; (3) scintillation studies POD antennas @ 1 Hz Calibrating GPS (L IN K 4) Neutral atmosphere Ground receiver 1) 10 sec data LIN K 2) da ta K IN (L Ionosphere 20 m sec data ( ta da 1se c COSMIC S/C With Antennas GPS Sat. c se m Occulting GPS 20 1-s ec da ta (L IN K 3) GPS Sat. ta da ec s 10 10 sec dat a Occulting LEO Limb Antennas @ 50-100 Hz GPS Sat. Application Altitude Range (km) Antenna Sampling Rate (Hz) Plasmasphere > 800 POD ant. 1 Ionospheric Profiling 140 < Alt < 800 POD ant. 1 Ionospheric Profiling and Scintillation 60 < Alt < 140 Limb ant. 50 - 100 Earth 12 Electron Density Profile 700 600 500 • Altitude (km) 400 M il ls t o n e ( P L = 4 4 8 ) , 4 2 .6 N, 7 1 .5 W , 1 3 :2 8 :0 0 U T C GP S /ME T, # 0 0 0 3 , 4 6 .9 N, 5 7 .5 W , 1 3 :2 9 :3 2 U T C 300 P IM ( @ # 0 0 0 3 ) 200 100 • •• • ••• • • • • • •• •• •• • •• •••• • ••••• •• • ••• ••• • •••• • •••• • • • • •••• • • • • • • • •• • •• • • • E l e c tro n D e n s i ty ( 1 / c m ^3 ) 1.0E+6 1.0E+5 1.0E+4 1.0E+3 0 Vertical Profile of electron density from GPS/MET 13 TIP Payload TIP measures nighttime FUV emission of neutral atomic oxygen TIP and GPS data can be processed together for improved ionospheric profiling Radiative recombination: O++e- O+h – – – – 135.6 nm produced by radiative recombination of O+ ions and electrons O+ and e- densities equal in the F-region 135.6 emission intensity proportional to electron density squared Simple algorithm relates electron density to 135.6 nm intensity measured by TIP Aurora: O+e- O +e- +h – – 135.6 nm produced in aurora through electron impact excitation TIP can determine auroral boundaries 14 CERTO / TBB Concept • OBJECTIVE – Provide Multi-Scale Description of the Ionosphere • Beacon to Ground Total Electron Content (TEC) using Differential Phase and Faraday Rotation • Maps of Structured and Quiescent Plasma Environment Based on Phase and Amplitude Scintillations • Description – Three Frequency Radio Beacon (150.012, 400.032, 1066.752 MHz) Radiating Phase Coherent, Continuous Wave Transmissions – Differential Phase Receivers on the Ground Recording Phase and Amplitude. – Images Obtained by Tomographic Processing of Data Orbit CERTO Beacon Irregularity Receiver 15 CDAAC Ionospheric Data Products Data Level File Type Description File Content Level0 tbbLv0 CERTO/TBB data file for station Time, SNR, , S4, station position, LEO orbit, TEC, TEC error estimates Level1a tipLv1 TIP Radiances Time, LEO pos/vel, pointing, Radiance, Calibration, Radiance error estimate Level1b ionPhs 1 Hz biased TEC file for ionospheric occultations (altitude > 60km) Time, SNR, LEO Orbits, GPS Orbits, biased TEC, TEC error estimate Level1b losPhs 1 Hz biased TEC file for non-occulting links Time, SNR, LEO Orbits, GPS Orbits, biased TEC, TEC error estimate Level1b atmPhs 50 Hz excess phase file for atmospheric occultations (alt < 140km) Time, SNR, LEO Orbits, GPS Orbits, L1 excess phase, L2 excess phase, S4 Level2 ionPrf Electron Density Profile computed with Abel inversion Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Electron Density, ED error estimate Level2 iocPrf Electron Density Profile computed with additional TIP data as constraint Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Electron Density, ED error estimate 16 Ionospheric Research with COSMIC Data We are talking with NCAR HAO to identify COSMIC data products that will be most beneficial to ionospheric research community Calibration/Validation of other ionospheric instruments Calibration, improvement, and validation of physics based models of ionosphere Studies of scintillation (plasma bubbles) Ionospheric climatology Studies of plasmaspheric depletion and refilling during and after storms Ionospheric enhancements and depletions during storms Gravity wave studies Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances 17 Getting COSMIC Results to Weather Centers NCEP I n p u t D a t a C D A A C BUFR Files WMO standard 1 file / sounding N E S D I S ECMWF GTS CWB UKMO JMA Canada Met. This system is currently under development by UCAR, NESDIS, + UKMO Data available to weather centers within < 180 minutes 18 Summary •COSMIC is on track to launch in ~1 year •Will provide data for a wide range of climate, weather and space weather investigations •COSMIC data Collaboration on the optimal use of these data at UCAR/NCAR provide a rich opportunity for our organization •Hope to identify scientific opportunities and programmatic approaches to them 19 Effects of CO2 increase on climate change simulated by NCAR Climate System Model (CSM) Vertical cross sections of zonally-averaged model temperature changes averaged over 20 years (years 60-79) in NCAR Climate System Model in which carbon dioxide alone is increased by 1% per year (Meehl et al., 1998). 26