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Technology needs assessments under the UNFCCC process Vladimir Hecl Adaptation, Science and Technology Programme UNFCCC Secretariat [email protected] http://unfccc.int Training of trainers workshop on preparing technology transfer projects for financing Vienna, 29.September 2008 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Technology Transfer Framework • To develop meaningful and effective actions to enhance the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention by increasing and to improve the transfer of and access to environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) and know-how, The framework for meaningful and effective actions to enhance the implementation of Article 4.5 of the Convention was established in COP 7 by Decision 4/CP.7. • Five key themes and areas were identified: - Technology needs and needs assessments - Technology information - Enabling environments - Capacity-building - Mechanisms for technology transfer United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments – what are they? • The technology transfer framework defines TNAs as a set of country-driven activities that identify and determine the mitigation and adaptation technology priorities of Parties,.., particularly developing country Parties. • TNAs involve different stakeholders in a consultative process to identify the barriers to technology transfer and measures to address these barriers through sectoral analyses. • These activities may address soft and hard technologies, such as mitigation and adaptation technologies, identify regulatory options and develop fiscal and financial incentives and capacity building. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments – what are they? • The purpose of TNAs is to assist in identifying and analysing priority technology needs, which can form the basis for a portfolio of EST projects and programmes which can facilitate the transfer of, and access to, the ESTs and know-how in the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention. • TNAs are central to the work on technology transfer they follow a country-driven approach, bringing together stakeholders to identify needs and develop plans to meet those needs United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments – Progress • Since COP 7, developing country Parties have been assessing their technology needs in the areas of climate change mitigation and adaptation through an analysis that takes account of their development plans and strategies. • Through its interim financing for capacity-building in priority areas – enabling activities phase II (also known as “top-ups”) – the Global Environment Facility (GEF) provided funding to 94 Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (non-Annex I Parties) to enable them to conduct TNAs. • Of these 94 Parties, 80 are being supported by UNDP and 14 by UNEP. • Fifty three TNA reports are already available @ TT:Clear web portal (http://unfccc.int/ttclear/jsp/CountryReports.jsp.) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments – Progress • 1 expert meeting was organised to identify methodologies to conduct TNAs UNDP developed a simplified, user-friendly Handbook on Conducting TNAs for climate change. The TNA handbook, produced in collaboration with CTI, the EGTT and the secretariat, was made available to Parties in 2004. • CTI, in collaboration with UNDP, organized 3 regional workshops to field-test and further develop the TNA handbook, to discuss regional concerns and priorities in assessing technology needs and to further assist Parties in conducting TNAs • In 3/CP.13, Annex I. The UNFCCC Secretariat has been requested in collaboration with EGTT, UNDP, UNEP and CTI to update the handbook for conducting TNAs taking into account experience, lessons learned indicated in the Synthesis report on TNAs, cross referencing the work on innovative financing, and technologies for adaptation. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments – Progress • As requested by the SBSTA at its twenty-first session, the secretariat prepared a Synthesis report on technology needs identified by NAI Parties based on the TNAs available and on the technology needs identified by NAI Parties in their NCs. This report was made available for consideration by the SBSTA at its twenty-fourth session. • Synthesis of technology needs assessments (TNAs) – FCCC/SBSTA/2006/INF.1: – Highlights priority technology needs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and facilitate adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change based on information contained in 23 TNAs and 25 initial national communications submitted by non-Annex I Parties. – Draws attention to specific barriers to technology transfer and suggests measures to address them, including through capacity-building. – Highlights ways used to involve stakeholders in a consultative process to conduct TNAs, including the methodologies and criteria used to prioritize technology needs. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments – Progress • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The secretariat is currently preparing a Synthesis of 30 newly submitted TNAs not available when the Synthesis report was prepared. The new submissions of TNAs came from the following Parties: Armenia, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Comoros, Congo, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Republique de Guinee, Guyana, Jamaica Laos, Lebanon, Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Republic of Mauritius, Mali, Namibia, Niger, Samoa, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Uzbekistan; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments – Process Note: Similar activities are carried out for a TNA of adaptation, but the tasks differ. Source: TNA handbook. Albania Azerbaijan Bolivia Burundi Chile China Congo DR Dominican Republic Ecuador Georgia Ghana Haiti Indonesia Kenya Lesotho Malawi Mauritius Moldova Niue Paraguay Tajikistan Viet Nam Zimbabwe Total 23 23 19 23 % 100 100 83 100 21 18 91 78 8 9 9 8 7 9 7 6 80 90 90 80 70 90 70 60 8 6 10 8 10 10 9 9 9 4 9 8 9 8 7 16 11 12 70 48 52 80 60 100 80 100 100 90 90 90 40 90 80 90 80 70 12 52 Totala Per cent Identify next steps Project proposal Describe stakeholder participation Identify capacity-building needs 20 87 Identify measures Country Conduct initial review Set criteria Select key sectors Prioritize technologies Identify barriers Table 4. An overview of the TNA process Select target area Figure 2. Main activities for conducting a TNA for mitigation technologies TNAs - how priorities were selected? How they relate to national development objectives? Minimum impact on the environment Pollution reduction Recovery of water resources Potential for reuse and recycle Total 3 9 13.0 39.1 13 56.5 2 8.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 12 6 1 7 2 9 13 6 1 3 8 3 7 5 6 7 5 4 4 2 6 6 5 Per cent Social acceptance 1 1 16 1 3 4.3 4.3 69.6 4.3 13.0 Environmental protection Possibilities for replication 21 91.3 Life time of the inv. GHG reduction potential 1 1 1 16 4.3 4.3 4.3 69.6 Investment costs Maintenance costs Socio-economic importance 0 0.0 Market Potential for adaptation Capacity-building 1 4.3 Preserve sinks Food security 14 60.9 Gender equality Improvement in health and quality of life 2 14 8.7 60.9 Environmental sustainability Rational utilization of resources 8 34.8 Climate change Utilization of local resources Albania Azerbaijan Bolivia Burundi Chile China Congo DR Dominican Republic Ecuador Georgia Ghana Haiti Indonesia Kenya Lesotho Malawi Mauritius Moldova Niue Paraguay Tajikistan Viet Nam Zimbabwe Total % Wealth creation Country Employment generation Development benefits 54.5 27.3 4.5 31.8 9.1 40.9 59.1 27.3 4.5 15.8 42.1 15.8 36.8 26.3 31.6 36.8 26.3 21.1 21.1 10.5 31.6 31.6 26.3 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Other Other - 4.2% Waste management - 29.2% Agriculture & forestry - 33.3% Transport - 50% Crop management Forestry Freight Unspecified public transport Facilities 100 60 50 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 # of technologies identified 40 Management & policy improvements Industry - 79.2% Vehicles Aluminium industry Fuel switching Mining Others Bread making industry Furnaces Steel industry Transmission - 25% Energy - 91.7% of Parties High efficiency motors Cement Production Miscellaneous industries Boilers Industrial energy efficiency Miscellaneous District heating 50 Buildings & residential - 87.5% 60 Other Green buildings materials & design Energy efficient appliances Other Advanced fossil fuel Legacy improvements 70 Coal 80 Generation - 91.7% 90 CT Unspecified power generation GTCC DSM CHP (cogeneration) RET Per cent of Parties [%] Technology Needs Assessments What are commonly identified mitigation technologies? 100 90 80 70 0 Unspecified hybrids MSW (generation and treatment of MSW) Unspecified RET Europe Geothermal Asia Solar thermal Africa Hydro Wind (installations and/or assessments) Mini- and/or microhydro Biomass Solar PV (grid, offgrid) # of technologies identified Technology Needs Assessments What are commonly identified renewable energy technologies? 18 16 Latin am erica 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Wind water pumping Solar water pumps Refrigerators Solar home system Europe Unspecified appliances & techniques Asia Air conditioning Africa Heaters Solar cookers Solar driers Stoves/ovens Solar water heaters Lights # of technologies identified Technology Needs Assessments What are commonly identified energy efficient technology needs (buildings & residential)? 16 14 Latin am erica 12 10 8 6 4 2 Capacity building Tourism Natural disasters Systematic observation and monitoring High water extremes Other 70 60 25 40 20 30 15 20 10 10 5 0 0 # of technologies identified Water - 37.5% Vector-borne diseases Water/food-borne diseases Water harvesting Other Water transfers Retreat - 16.7% Protect - 20.8% Coastal zone - 41.7% Water recycling and conservation Various retreat Soft structural options Other Indigenous options Hard structural options Rise land and houses 50 Accomodate - 37.5% Agriculture & fishery - 62.5% of Parties Emergency planning Improved drainage Other Fishery Other (soft) Food processing Pest management Improved drainage Forestry Livestock Land management Irrigation Crop management Per cent of Paries [%] Technology Needs Assessments What are commonly identified adaptation technologies? 40 Health - 25% 35 30 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Implementation of the TNA results • The TNAs may be an effective tool for decision makers and international institutions that may be involved in the facilitation of the technology transfer process. The TNA process not only helps identify specific technology needs, but also points out the direction in which future policies and regulations will need to progress. • The main beneficiary of the TNAs are the Parties that conducted them, as these reports provide a good basis for follow-up activities to further enhance the transfer of climate friendly technologies. • To meet national objectives to combat CC and to meet UNFCCC objective of implementing technology transfer framework TNA results should be translated into applications. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Implementation of the TNA results – many different approaches and ideas Securing resources Development of Integration with Implementation existing strategies development plans Ongoing review Implementation and refinement of technology of action plans transfer actions Preparation of technology transfer United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Implementation of the TNA results - innovative options Prepare and disseminate a Practitioner's guide to support projects developers to prepare project proposals that meet the standards of financial community Available in several languages Including a roll-out programme (regional training workshops, learning centres, help desk) CTI – Private Financing Advisory Network The updated TNA handbook focusing also on linking TNA to Implementation and Identifying practical Needs Thank you for your attention! Vladimir Hecl Adaptation, Science and Technology Programme UNFCCC Secretariat [email protected] http://unfccc.int