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William Swing, Director General International Organization for Migration Integrating Migration into Development: Diaspora as a development enabler OVERVIEW I Global Migration Trends II Integrate Migration in Post-2015 Development Agenda III Diasporas Enable Development I. GLOBAL MIGRATION TRENDS 1 in 7 232 million international migrants + 740 million internal migrants 1 billion migrants UNPRECEDENTED HUMAN MOBILITY Migration: a Positive Phenomenon Inevitable – demographics, crises, climate change Necessary – durable development Desirable -- if well-governed • Reduce risks and costs • Facilitate regular migration • Protect the human rights of all migrants MEGA TREND = MEGA IMPACTS Social USD 681 bn. remittances by 2016 Economic Migration offsets effects of ageing societies Environmental More become vulnerable to disasters POLITICALLY SENSITIVE ISSUES TO MANAGE: JUSTIFY MIGRATION IN GLOBAL RECESSION POST-9/11 SECURITY CONCERNS PERCEIVED THREATS TO IDENTITY II. INTEGRATE MIGRATION in post-2015 MIGRATION SUPPORTS DEVELOPMENT “10.7 facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through implementation of planned and wellmanaged migration policies.” Target on migration and mobility in the suggested SDG 10 on “Inequalities”, from the Outcome Document of Proposal of the Open Working Group, July 2014 HOW MIGRATION IS REFLECTED IN THE OPEN WORKING GROUP OUTCOME DOCUMENT OWG Chapeau • • Reference to promoting economic growth, social development and environmental protection for the benefit of all, without distinction of any kind including migration status. Notes commitment to migration and development through HLD Declaration. Specific references Goal and target framework Goal 4 Education SCHOLARSHIPS (STUDENT MOBILITY) Goal 8 Employment & decent work Goal 5 Gender equality TRAFFICKING (FOCUS ON WOMEN AND GIRLS) MIGRANT WORKER RIGHTS WOMEN MIGRANTS Goal 16 Peaceful & inclusive societies Goal 10 Reduce inequality PLANNED & WELLMANAGED MIGRATION POLICIES TRAFFICKING (FOCUS ON CHILDREN) Other entry points MIGRANT REMITTANCES Goal 1 Poverty eradication Goal 11 Sustainable cities Goal 13 Climate change RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE EVENTS AND ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SHOCKS REDUCE DEATHS & ECONOMIC LOSSES CAUSED BY DISASTERS RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE HAZARDS AND NATURAL DISASTERS DRR PLANS Goal 17 Global partnership DATA DISAGGREGATION (INCLUDING BY MIGRATORY STATUS) – RELEVANT TO HEALTH AND EDUCATION Good migration governance transforms mobility from vulnerability into resilience Goal 1- Proverty Reduction: Resilience to environmental & socio-economic shocks Goal 11- Sustainable Cities: reduce disaster-caused deaths and losses Goal 13 – Climate Change: resilience to climate hazards & natural disasters Final P2015 negotiations… 1 Final negotiations between Jan – Sept 2 “Displacement because of crisis” still missing 3 Formulate measurable migration indicators linking migration, development, disaster risk reduction & adaptation II. DIASPORAS ENABLE DEVELOPMENT Transnational/diaspora communities: • Migrants or their descendants • A shared sense of identity and belonging • Connected to more than one country • Important development actors with a variety of resources DIASPORAS’ CONTRIBUTIONS SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE TRADE AND INVESTMENT • Human resources • Multiple networks • Fill gaps in key sectors Education/health/Science • Local knowledge • Post-crisis • Not just remittances and savings HUMANITARIAN • Philanthropic contributions • Diaspora associations as NGO actors • Targeted interventions Increased interest in diasporas • Member States: Over 100 dedicated diaspora ministries or departments • Global migration governance processes: HLD, P2015, WHS • IOM’s contribution IOM’s Diaspora Ministerial Conference, June 2013 Inclusion of diasporas in IOM Humanitarian Policy SUPPOTING DIASPORAS: IOM STRATEGIC APPROACH ENABLE ENGAGE EMPOWER IOM EXPERTISE IN DIASPORA PROGRAMMING • RQN - Permanent Return of Qualified Nationals • TRQN - Temporary return of Qualified Nationals • MIDA – Great Lakes: education & rural development • Evolution into multi-faceted models CONCLUSION 1 Migration in post-2015 UN Development Agenda should reflect vital role of diaspora 2 IOM’s Migrants and Cities conference and WMR (2015) 3 World Humanitarian Summit (2016) – should reflect role of diaspora as humanitarian actors