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Biomechanics Vocabulary • • • • • • • • • • Agonist Antagonist Axis of rotation Concentric action Eccentric action Force Fulcrum Isometric Law of acceleration Law of impact and reaction • Law of inertia • • • • • • • • • • Lever motion Motive force Protraction Resistive force Retraction Supine Synergist Torque Tuberosity • Agonist – a muscle that is directly engaged in contraction. • Antagonist – the muscle that acts in opposition to the action produced by an agonist muscle. • Axis of rotation – imaginary line or point about which the lever rotates. • Concentric action – the muscle acts as the motive force, it shortens as it creates muscle tension. • Eccentric action – contraction in which a muscle exerts force, lengthens and is overcome by a resistance. • Force: something that causes motion, push or pull • Fulcrum – a fixed point. • Isometric – a contraction in which a muscle exerts force but does not change in length. • Law of acceleration – F=MA. • Law of impact and reaction – Newton’s third Law; equal and opposite reaction. • Law of inertia – objects remain at rest or if moving continue moving. • Lever – a bar that rotates around a fixed fulcrum in response to an applied force. • Motion: change in an object’s position in relation to another object • Motive force – the force that starts or causes a movement. • Protraction – movement of the scapula away from the spine. • Resistive force- a force that resists the motion of another external force. • Retraction – movement of the scapula towards the spine. • Supine – position of the body when lying face upward. • Synergist – a muscle that assists another muscle in its function. • Torque – a force causing rotation about a fixed axis of rotation. • Tuberosity – a projection or protuberance on a bone usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments.