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Mechanism of muscle contraction The sliding filament Theory • The way that muscles actually contract and shorten is a theory called the sliding filament theory • This theory involves the movement of the microscopic thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments the Sliding Filament Theory • In this theory we need to look at the relationship between the actin filament and the myosin filament • These filaments are going to work together in order to cause the contraction the Sliding Filament Theory • All over the thick filaments there are small heads that protrude from the body of the filament called myosin heads • They myosin heads will attach themselves to binding sites on the thin actin filament. the Sliding Filament Theory • The binding sites are exposed and activated when calcium ions are present • This allows myosin to bind temporarily to the actin filament • The myosin then acts as oars to “row” in the thin filament Energy for Muscle Contraction • Muscles always need energy for muscle contraction • Muscles can only use energy stored in the form ATP (Adenosinetriphosphate) • Muscles only store 4-6 seconds worth of ATP therefore ATP needs to me made constantly ATP creation • There are three ways in which ATP is created in the body • Direct Phosphorylation of ADP • Aerobic respiration • Anaerobic respiration Direct Phosphorylation of ADP • The body can directly Phosphorylate ADP • This means that ADP and Creatine phosphate come together to set off a reaction that will create ATP and Creatine Aerobic Respiration • Aerobic respiration is how ATP is generated through cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen • Aerobic respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Anaerobic respiration • The human body can also get ATP from Anaerobic Respiration • The method of Anaerobic Respiration is the fermentation of lactic acid