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Skeletal System Functions • Provide support • Protect internal organs • Allows your body to move • Stores and produces materials that your body needs Development of Bones • Newborn skeleton is made up of cartilage –Cartilage- a tough supporting tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone Structure of bone • Compact bone- make up the outer layer of all bones • Spongy bone- contains flat and needlelike structures that resist stress • Bone marrow- tissue that fills the spaces in bones Joints • Joint- a place in your body where two or more of your bones come together • Types of joints (know examples of each): – Pivot: Head and neck – Ball and socket: Shoulder or Hip – Hinge: Elbow or Finger or Knee – Gliding: Wrist or Ankle • Ligaments-what holds bones to bones at joints Keep Bones Healthy • Eat well • Exercise – Weight bearing exercises • Avoid injuries – Bone injuries • Fracture – Joint injuries • Sprain • Dislocation Arthritis: inflammation of a joint • Involves the breakdown of cartilage of – Cartilage absorbs shock when pressure is placed on joint Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Muscular System Voluntary vs. Involuntary • Voluntary Movement – movement that is under our conscious control • Involuntary Movement – muscles that are not under our conscious control Types of Muscles • Skeletal muscle- voluntary muscle that we control to do activities • Cardiac muscle- involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart • Smooth muscle- involuntary muscles that causes movements within your body How Muscles Work • Contracting (becoming shorter and thicker) • For each contraction, the fibers that contract: – Will depend on the amount of force required – Will contract completely • Muscles work in PAIRS Keeping Healthy • Include warm-up and cool-down • Work muscles for both endurance and strength • Avoid muscle injuries –Strain –Tendonitis