Download Ch 6 Lifeguarding

Ch 6 Lifeguarding
Before Providing Care & Victim
Assessment
Lesson Objectives
• Describe what precautions can be taken to
prevent disease transmission when providing
care.
• Describe the general procedures for injury or
sudden illness on land.
• Demonstrate proper removal of disposable
gloves.
• Demonstrate an initial assessment.
• Understand how to safely and effectively
move a victim on land
Before Providing Care
• Infectious disease are
spread from infected
people and from
animals, insects or
objects that have been
in contact with them.
• Lifeguards must protect
themselves and others
from infectious diseases.
Blood Borne Pathogens
• Are bacteria and viruses present in blood and
body fluids, which cause disease to humans.
• Bacteria can live outside the body
• Viruses are in the body and difficult to kill
• Are spread through direct or indirect contact
• The primary concern for professional rescuers
are hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV
Disease-Causing Agents
Viruses
Hepatitis, measles, mumps, chicken pox, meningitis,
rubella, influenza, warts, cols, herpes, HIV, genital
warts, small pox, avian flu
Bacteria
Tetanus, meningitis, scarlet fever, strep throat,
tuberculosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, toxic
shock syndrome, Legionnaires disease, diphtheria,
food poisoning, Lyme disease, anthrax
Fungi
Athlete’s foot, ring worm, histoplasmosis
Protozoa
Malaria, dysentery, cyclospora, giardiasis
Rickettsia
Typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Parasitic Worms Abdominal pain, anemia
Prions
Mad cow disease
Yeasts
candidiasis
Bacteria
• Can be treated with antibiotics
Famous People Affected/ Died
From Syphilis
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Al Capone
Paul Gauguin
Henry VIII
Ivan the Terrible
Friedrich Nietzsche
• Vincent Van Gogh
• Franz Schubert
• Adolf Hitler
Viruses
• Few medications can
fight viruses
• The body’s immune
system is number one
protection against
infection
• Influenza
• Chickenpox / shingles
• Ebola
Viruses Continued
• Herpes
• Hepatitis
• HIV/AIDS
Herpes
• A highly contagious
STD that is caused
by two forms of
herpes simplexes
• Simplex 1-fever
blisters/ cold sores in
the mouth or lips
• Simplex 2-blister-like
lesions in the genital
areas
Hepatitis B
• Is a liver infection
• Can be severe or fatal
• Can be in the body for up to 6
months before symptoms
appear.
• Sign and symptoms: flu-like,
jaundice, fatigue, joint pain,
nausea, loss of appetite
• There is currently a vaccine (3
doses) must be made available
to all employees who have
occupational exposure, including
LG’s
Hepatitis C
• Liver disease
• Most common chronic
bloodborne infection in
the US
• Signs & symptoms:
similar to hbv, jaundice,
dark urine, abdominal
pain, loss of appetite,
nausea
• There is no vaccination
and no treatment after
exposure
• It is the leading cause of
liver transplants
HIV
• This virus causes AIDS
• Attacks white blood cells,
thus destroying the
immune system
• Signs & symptoms: many
• No cure or vaccination
Fact About AIDS
• The disease:
• Caused by HIV- Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
• Infections that strike people whose immune
systems are weakened by HIV are called
opportunistic infections.
• When a person has a significant drop in white
blood cells they are diagnosed as having AIDS
• AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Famous People Affected/ Died
From HIV/AIDS
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Arthur Ashe
Rock Hudson
Liberache
Freddy Mercury
Anthony Perkins
Robert Reed
Eazy-E
Greg Louganis
Perry Ellis
Magic Johnson
How is the Disease Transmitted?
• The virus enters three basic ways:
• Through direct contact with the blood
stream (blood, semen, vaginal fluids,
breast milk)
• Through the mucous membrane linings
(eyes, mouth, throat, rectum, vagina)
• Mother to unborn baby
How Pathogens Spread
(pp 87-88)
• 4 conditions must be met for a pathogen
to spread:
– A pathogen present
– A sufficient quantity of the pathogen is
present to cause disease
– A person is susceptible to the pathogen
– The pathogen passes through the correct
entry site (eyes, mouth or other mucous
membranes, non-intact skin or skin pierced
by needlesticks, human bites, cuts, etc.)
Direct contact
• Occurs when infected
blood or body fluids
from one person’s
enters another person’s
body
• Kissing
• Touching
• Sex
• Blood splashing in the
eye or from directly
touching the body fluids.
Indirect contact
• Occurs when a person touches
an object that contains the blood
or body fluid
• Coming in contact with something
that has been touched by
droplets of an infected person
• Picking up blood-soaked
bandages
• Sneeze
• Cough
Hennessey Facts:
~Sneezes can travel at a speed of 100 miles per hour and the wet
spray can radiate five feet.
~Donna Griffiths from Worcestershire, England sneezed for 978 days,
sneezing once every minute at the beginning. This is the longest
sneezing episode on record.
Prevention
• Your behavior can
put you at risk for
being infected with
HIV, HBV/HCV
• Sharing needles
• Unprotected sex
Universal/Standard Precautions
• These precautions require that ALL human
blood and substances be treated as if known
to be infectious.
• Make sure immunizations are up to date
• Avoid touching body fluids
• Wear disposable gloves & dispose of properly
• Wash hands before and after care
• Clean areas that come in contact with body
fluids (water/bleach solution)
Precautions continued (p.90)
• Use a pocket mask when giving mouth-tomouth resuscitation
• Don’t eat, drink, or touch your mouth, nose, or
eyes when giving care
• Be prepared by having first aid kit handy &
stocked with protective equipment & supplies
• Personal protective equipment: breathing
barriers, nonlatex disposable gloves, gowns,
masks, shields and protective eyewear.
Pocket Masks
Removing Latex Gloves
Skill Assessment…Glove
Removal (pp. 90-91 Fig.6-7)
General Procedures for Injury or
Sudden Illness on Land
• 1. Size up the scene
– Is scene safe?
– Look for dangers (down
power lines, traffic,
explosions, violence, etc)
– Put on protective
equipment
– What happened?
– # of victims
– Additional help needed?
(fire, police, EMS)
General Procedures cont…
• 2. Perform Initial
Assessment
– Is done to identify lifethreatening conditions
– Is done to identify lifethreatening conditions
– Is done to identify lifethreatening conditions
How to perform initial assessment:
pp.94-95
• CHECK the victim for consciousness &
obtain CONSENT if victim is conscious
– Tap on shoulder, ask…are you ok? Pinch an infants toe
– IF NO RESPONSE…Summon EMS
• CHECK for signs of life (movement and
breathing)
– Look, listen, & feel
• CHECK for a pulse
– Carotid artery in neck (adult/child)
– Brachial artery inside arm/bicep (infant)
• CHECK severe bleeding
General Procedures cont…
• Summon EMS (read “call
first or care first” pg.
94…see list of when to
summon EMS p.95)
– 9-1-1
– Give conditions
• Perform Secondary
Assessment
– Identifies additional
conditions
– May become life
threatening if not cared for
Obtaining Consent p.95
• Before providing care to a
conscious victim, obtain
his/her consent. If a minor
get consent from
parent/guardian.
• LG Tip: document any
refusal of care. If a witness
is available, have witness
listen to, and document in
writing any refusal of care.
Demonstrate & Practice
Performing Initial Assessment
Pages 95-96
Emergency Moves on Land
• Move an injured victim on land only if– The scene is unsafe
– To reach another victim who may a have a
more serious injury or illness
– To provide proper care
Demonstrate & Practice Emergency
Moves (pp. 98-100)
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Clothes Drag
Two-person seat carry
Walking assist
Pack-strap carry
Review Questions
• How can you best protect yourself from
possible blood borne pathogens?
• Use protective equipment, such as
disposable gloves and breathing barrier
• The steps you follow in an emergency are
performed in the following order• Size up scene, perform an initial
assessment, summon EMS, perform a
secondary assessment
Review Questions continued…
• A woman collapses in front of you as she is
entering the aquatic facility. You size up the
scene and then check the victim for
consciousness. She does not respond.
What should you do next?
• Summon EMS
• You come upon a scene where a patron
seems to be hurt. Why should you size up
the scene before approaching the victim?
• To determine if the scene is safe
Review Questions continued…
• To determine if a victim is breathing--• Look for movement and look, listen and
feel for breathing for no more that 10
seconds
• A person has been injured and is conscious.
You should--• Obtain consent, check the victim for lifethreatening conditions and speak with
the victim to find out what happened.