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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Common Infectious Diseases
Objectives
Identify some diseases caused by bacteria and
by viruses.
Describe behaviors that can help you get
healthy and stay healthy.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Health Stats Note the difference between the leading causes of death in
the United States in 1900 and in 2000.
Were any of the leading causes of death in 2000 infectious
diseases? Explain why you think this is the case.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Bacterial Diseases
• There are thousands of infectious diseases, and over
40 kinds commonly occur in the United States.
• Four infectious diseases caused by bacteria are
• strep throat
• Lyme disease
• meningitis
• tuberculosis
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Strep Throat
• “Strep” is short for Streptococcus, the bacterium that
causes the disease.
• Is diagnosed by the dr. doing an oral swab of the
back of the throat and testing for this bacteria.
• Symptoms include
• sore throat
• swollen lymph nodes on the sides of the neck
• headache
• fever
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Lyme Disease
• Humans can become infected with the bacteria that
cause Lyme disease when they are bitten by an
infected tick. (spread)
• Symptoms of Lyme disease include
• a red rash at the site of the tick bite
• fever
• chills
• body aches
• The best way to protect yourself from Lyme disease
is by avoiding tick bites.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Bacterial Meningitis
• An infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the
fluid that surrounds the brain is called meningitis.
• Symptoms of meningitis include high fever,
headache, vomiting, and a stiff neck.
• There are two types of meningitis—one is caused by
bacteria, the other by a virus.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Tuberculosis
• A highly contagious bacterial infection of the lungs is
tuberculosis (too bur kyuh LOH sis), or TB.
• It is transmitted when droplets from an infected
person’s cough or sneeze are inhaled.
• Symptoms, which include fatigue, weight loss, a mild
fever, and a constant cough, may not show up for
many years after the initial infection.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Treating Bacterial Diseases
• An antibiotic (an tih by AHT ik) is a drug that inhibits
or kills bacteria.
• Using antibiotics exactly as they are prescribed is
very important to prevent bacteria from developing
resistance to the medicine.
• Antibiotic resistance can result if you don’t finish your
prescription and some of the bacterial pathogens in
your body survive.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Viral Diseases
Viral diseases include
• the common cold
• influenza
• pneumonia
• hepatitis
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
The Common Cold
• The common cold is really a group of symptoms that is caused
by a number of different viruses.
• One or two days after exposure to a cold virus, people develop
• sneezing
• sore throats
• runny noses
• coughing
• chest congestion
• fever
• headaches
• muscle aches
• Colds spread when a person touches a contaminated object or
inhales droplets from a sneeze or a cough.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Influenza
• The flu, or influenza, is a common viral infection of
the upper respiratory system.
• Influenza is spread by airborne droplets and contact
with contaminated objects.
• High fever, sore throat, headache, and a cough are
typical symptoms of the flu.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
The Stages of the Flu
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Pneumonia
• In people who are elderly, or who have heart disease
or breathing problems, flu may develop into
pneumonia (noo MOHN yuh), a serious infection of
the lungs.
• Many people die each year from pneumonia, which
can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or even fungi.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Hepatitis
• A group of viruses that infect the liver can cause hepatitis
(hep uh TY tis), or inflammation of the liver.
• Symptoms of hepatitis include
• fever
• nausea
• pain in the abdomen
• jaundice (JAWN dis), or yellowing of the skin.
• Hepatitis A is transmitted in human wastes and in
contaminated water and food.
• Hepatitis B can be transmitted in blood, during sexual
contact, or during tattooing or body piercing.
• Hepatitis C can be transmitted in blood, during sexual
contact, or during tattooing or body piercing.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Treating Viral Diseases
• In most cases, there is no particular medicine that
can cure a viral infection.
• The best treatments for viral infections are rest, a
well-balanced diet, and plenty of fluids.
• Many over-the-counter medicines can treat the
symptoms of viral infections.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
For: Updates on infectious diseases
Click above to go online.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Getting Healthy, Staying Healthy
• When you do get sick, you can help your body
recover by going to bed and resting.
• This treatment and well-balanced meals are all that
you need to recover from most mild infections.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
When to Seek Medical Care
• If you are worried about your health for any reason, see a
doctor and discuss your concerns with him
or her.
• Seek professional medical care if you have
• an extremely sore throat, earache, vomiting, diarrhea,
or a temperature of 101°F that lasts more than two
days
• mucus from your nose or throat that is thick and
yellowish green
• difficulty breathing, or severe pain anywhere
• a cut, scrape, or sore that does not seem to be
healing as it should
• an illness that lasts longer than usual
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Preventing Infectious Diseases
You can protect yourself from infectious diseases in
three ways
• avoiding contact with pathogens
• making sure that your immunizations are current
• choosing healthful behaviors
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Preventing Infectious Diseases
Here are some healthful behaviors you should
practice to help you avoid disease.
• Wash your hands several times a day, especially
before eating and after using the bathroom.
• Do not share items that can transfer pathogens,
such as towels, eating utensils, cups,
or hairbrushes.
• Cook and store foods properly. Meats should be
cooked thoroughly. Hot foods should be kept hot,
and cold foods should be kept cold.
• Avoid close contact with people who are ill.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Preventing Infectious Diseases
Here are some healthful behaviors you should
practice to help you avoid disease.
• Stay home when you are not feeling well.
• Learn to manage stress in healthful ways, and
get at least eight hours of sleep each night.
• Eat well-balanced meals, and do not skip meals.
Exercise regularly, at least three or more times a
week.
• Avoid unhealthful substances, such as tobacco,
alcohol, and illegal drugs.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
Vocabulary
antibiotic
A drug that inhibits or kills bacteria.
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
QuickTake Quiz
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Section 21.3 Common Infectious Diseases
End of Section 21.3
Click on this slide to end this presentation.
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