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Blood Overview… Blah… • What it is • Structures & Functions • Parts of blood – – – – – Red blood cells White blood cells Plasma Platelets Lymph • Blood Type and Rh Factor • Blood Extras… – Blood Donation – Infection – Blood-doping Blood – What it is?... • Specialized fluid in the body. • Delivers necessary substances. – Nutrients – Oxygen • Removes waste products from cells. – Carbon dioxide – Cell waste Parts of the Blood Structures & Functions of Blood Structure Red Blood White Function Cells Blood Cells Gas Transport Immune response Platelets Plasma Clotting Nutrient & waste transport Red Blood Cells • A.k.a. Erthrocytes (“red” & “cell”) • Deliver oxygen & remove carbon dioxide and other waste. • Red because it contains hemoglobin which binds oxygen. Bluer when oxygen-poor. • Made in bone marrow in humans. – Live for 120 days – No organelles or nucleus – Single drop = millions of cells White Blood Cells White Blood Cells • A.k.a. leukocytes (“white” & “cell”) • Cells of the immune system – Defend the body against infectious disease and foreign materials. – Indicator of disease – 1% of blood in healthy adult. Greater # may mean infection. • Produced in the bone marrow. • Live a few days to a few weeks. Platelets Platelets • A.k.a. Thrombocytes • Responsible for clotting of the blood when exposed to air. – Small, colorless, irregular shape, sticky surfaces. • Life span of 8-12 days • Excessive bleeding can occur if their numbers are too low. Plasma • Responsible for transport of cells. Like the stream to fish. – Carries dissolved salts (Ca, Na, Mg, K) – Transports blood, glucose, carbon dioxide. • ~55% of blood. Strawcolored, clear liquid. Mostly (~90%) water. • Serum is plasma without clotting proteins. Blood Types & Rh Factor Blood Types & Rh Factor • A, B, AB, O refer to the presence or absence of antigens in the blood. – O is most common (neither antigen). – Blood types are inherited. • Rh refers to the Rhesus Monkey – an antigen (D) is present in some people (which is common to Rhesus) = +. – 85% are + (99% Asians are +) – 15% are -. RBC Compatibility Recipient[1] Donor[1] O− O+ A− A+ B− B+ AB− AB+ O− O+ A− A+ B− B+ AB− AB+ Conditions • Anemia – a symptom in which there are reduced RBC’s. Other symptoms are pale skin, feel weak, fast heart beat. • Leukemia – cancer affecting bone marrow and immunity. • Sickle-cell – anemia resulting genetically. RBC’s are sickle shaped.