Download Bacteria

From Bacteria to Plants
Pages 8-13

Anton von Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria
when he observed scrapings of his teeth.

Bacteria come in 3 basic shapes
 Cocci which looks like sphere
 Spirillum which looks like spiral
 Bacillus which looks like a rod
 They are considered to be living because they are
made up of cells.

Here is a typical bacterial cell
 Ribosomes make proteins
 Flagellum = movement
 Capsule = prevents drying
 Chromosome = genetic material
• Bacteria are prokaryotes, which means
they lack a nucleus.
• Some bacteria have
features such as a
capsule, slime layer or
flagella to help them
survive in unfavorable
environments.

Asexual Reproduction (Binary Fission)
•Involves 1 parent
•Offspring are identical to the parent
•Often do this through fission: a
process in which one cell divides to
form two identical cells

Sexual Reproduction (Conjugation)
 Involves 2 parents, combination of both
parents’ genetic material
 Creates a New Organism
▪ Results in bacteria with new combination of
genetic material
▪ Doesn’t increase the number of bacteria
▪ Increase kinds of bacteria

Can either be autotrophs or heterotrophs
 Most are consumers
 Breakdown food in a process called respiration

Eubacteria





Live almost everywhere
Most are useful or harmless
Some cause disease (tetanus & strep throat)
Help maintain some of Earth’s conditions
Archaebacteria
 Found in extreme conditions

Bacteria BrainPop

Some ways bacteria are good for us
 Make antibiotics
 Produce vitamins
 Aid in digestion of food
 Recycle materials
 Used for fuel
 In foods
 Clean up waste (pollutants)
 Make cleansers

Some ways bacteria are bad for us
 Pathogens = cause disease
 Produce toxins = poisons

Infectious Disease: Disease caused by virus,
bacteria, protist, or fungi AND spreads.



Vaccines can be effective against preventing
bacterial diseases.
Bacterial diseases CAN be treated with
antibiotics.
Pasteurization = heating a liquid to kill the
bacteria.