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Infectious Disease Chapter 21 Infectious disease: (also called communicable) • Infectious diseases are caused by (micro)/organisms or viruses that enter the body and multiply. • Not all microorganisms are harmful or cause disease. Some are helpful and essential for good health • Pathogens (germs): microorganisms and viruses that cause disease Pathogens (disease causing organisms) • • • • Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa Bacteria • Single celled organisms found everywhere • Treated with antibiotics to kill or control growth • Good and bad types • Bacterial infections: tetanus, TB, strept throat, sinus infection, staph, cholera, anthrax Virus • Extremely small organism • Can’t cure with medicine • Some preventable through vaccines • Viral infections: cold, flu, chicken pox, warts, cold sores, West Nile, hepatitis Fungus • Relies on other living or dead organisms to survive • Includes yeast, molds, mildew • Include: athletes foot, ringworm, jock itch, yeast infections Protozoa • An organism that uses other living things like, your body, for food and a place to live. • Protozoa are single celled parasites • Diseases include: tapeworm, malaria, and amebic dysentery, trichina worm (pork) MRSA Methicillian Resistant Staphyloccus Aureus A deadly strain of bacteria that’s becoming resistant to common antibiotics • Infects 90,000 Americans a year and is increasing • Kills 19,000 Americans a year • Symptoms include: warm and tender skin, sores, boils, draining puss, redness, swelling, and high fever • Left untreated can destroy muscle tissue and lead to life threatening infections in bones and vital organs • In the past, it was typically acquired in the hospitals • Becoming very common in homes, schools, locker rooms, and health clubs • Athletes are at higher risk because of their environment and physical contact in their sport Protecting Yourself From MRSA • • • • Cover cuts and open sores Wash hands with warm soapy water often Clean surfaces and other areas with bleach solutions Be vigilant with doctors In the gym: • Don’t share items like towels or razors • Cover cuts, scraps, and sores • Don’t go barefoot in locker room or showers – wear flip flops • Shower immediately after gym or locker room • Wash gym clothes to kill bacteria instead of putting back in locker How Pathogens are Spread • Infected People: direct contact with person like shaking hands, other bodily contact, and kissing or indirectly like coughing or sneezing where the pathogens are airborne. • Contaminated Objects (fomite): some pathogens can survive for a period of time on objects such as door knobs, towels, needles, and glasses • Infected Animal: animal that are infected can pass disease through bites. Examples include malaria, West Nile, lyme disease, and rabies • Contaminated Food & Water: Some pathogens are naturally present in food and soil. Proper food preparation can prevent disease. Contaminated water is a another big source of disease like cholera and hepatitis A. Defense Against Infectious Disease Physical Barriers Help keep germs from entering the body • Skin: keep germs from getting in body and sheds taking germs with it. Sweat acts as chemical barrier which contains acids that kill many bacteria. • Hair and Cilia: tiny hairs around eyes and nose trap germs. Cilia are tiny hairs that line mucus membranes like in your air passages. They move pathogens out back out of your airway. • Saliva &Tears: trap pathogens and wash them away. They also contain chemicals that attack pathogens. • Mucus: sticky substance that trap germs found in your nose and other areas that have openings. • Digestive System: chemicals like acid in your stomach that kill many pathogens Internal Defense The Immune System • Battles the germs that get by the physical barriers. • Consists of different cells and antibodies that engulf and destroy germs • Important to keep our immune system strong through a healthy diet, plenty of rest, and stress management. Prevention tips to minimize transmission of germs • Keep contact to a minimum with those who have a cold • When you come close to someone who has a cold, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water as soon as possible • Keep hands and fingers away from nose, mouth and eyes • Don’t share food, drinking glasses or eating utensils • Wash plates, glasses, silverware in hot soapy water after each use • Get plenty of rest and eat healthy, dress appropriately for weather, and manage stress to strengthen immune system • Vaccinations