Download HERPESVIRIDAE

HERPESVIRIDAE
PETER H. RUSSELL, BVSc,
PhD, FRCPath, MRCVS
Department of Pathology and
Infectious Diseases, The Royal
Veterinary College,
Royal College Street,
London NW1 OTU.
E-mail
Web site
Objectives
Students should be able to:
• Give 3 reasons why herpesviruses are
difficult to control.
• Know the difference between immediateearly, early and late genes and their roles in
disease and tumours.
• List the major diseases in each species of
animals and the tissue-tropism of the
causative virus
Replication
The uncoated double stranded DNA
becomes a closed circle in the host
nucleus
Three types of genes are involved in
replication:
Herpesviruses are bad news for
4 reasons.
Virulence is associated with presence of a
thymidine kinase (tk) gene, so this is
deleted from genetically engineered
vaccines eg to Aujesky’s virus. Tk
acclerates new DNA synthesis by
salvaging thymidine from degraded DNA
into TTP. It has been widely used to select
cells eg hybridoma's or those which are
expressing recombinant vaccines see
Russell and Edington, page 99.
Research. 3 growth areas
The members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
Abbreviation
Clinical
syndromes
1. equid
herpesvirus
EHV 1
respiratory
disease, abortion
and paresis
2. equid
herpesvirus
EHV 2
ubiquitous,
avirulent
3. equid
herpesvirus
EHV 3
pustular lesions on
the genitalia, rare in
UK
4. equid
herpesvirus
EHV 4
respiratory disease
HORSE
The members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns Clinical
Host/virus
Abbreviation
CATTLE
1. bovid herpesvirus 1 BHV 1
a. infectious bovine (IBRV)
tracheitis virus
b. infectious pustular
vulvo vaginitis
BHV 1
(IPVV)
2. bovid mammillitis BHV 2
virus
(BHMV)
3. malignant
catarrhal fever virus
(African)
BHV 3
(MCFV)
syndromes
upper respiratory
tract
and abortion
ustular lesions on
the genitalia, rare in
UK, why?
erosive lesions on
the
teat and udder
proliferation;
eye
and
respiratory
tract
The members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
PIG
1. suid herpesvirus
Abbreviation
Clinical
syndromes
PSV
respiratory disease,
abortion ± CNS
involvement in
in young pigs.
(Pruritis in cattle)
ubiquitous, generally
avirulent, rhinitis
±reproductive
disorders
1, pseudorabies
virus;
Aujeszky's disease
2. suid herpesvirus 2, PCMV
porcine
cytomegalovirus;
inclusion body
rhinitis virus
The members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
Abbreviation
DOG
1. canid herpesvirus 1 CHV
CAT
1. felid herpesvirus 1
FHV
Clinical
syndromes
fatalities in puppies
rhinitis
bronchitis
and
The major members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
FOWL(1)
1. gallid
herpesvirus 1
Marek's disease
virus
2. gallid
herpesvirus 2
turkey herpesvirus
Abbrevi- Sub- Clinical
ation
family syndromes
AHV 2
lymphoproliferative
tumours invading
peripheral nerves
MDV
gonad,eye.
released
from
follicles
HVT
Virus
feather
avirulent,
protective
against MDV
The major members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
Abbrevi- Sub- Clinical
ation
family syndromes
FOWL(2)
3. gallid
herpesvirus 3
AHV 1
infectious laryngo- (ILT)
tracheitis virus
tracheitis
bronchitis
and
4. duck plague
virus
endothelial
and
enteric lesions
5. pigeon
herpesvirus
respiratory
disease
tract
The major members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
MAN(1)
1. herpes simplex
2. varicella-zoster
virus
Abbrevi- Sub- Clinical
ation
family syndromes
HSV 1
oral cold sores;
encephalitis;
HSV2
genital ulceration
VZ-V
chicken pox in
children, shingles
in adults
The major members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
MAN(2)
3. human
cytomegalovirus
4. Epstein-Barr
virus
Abbrevi- Sub- Clinical
ation
family syndromes
HCMV
ubiquitous and not
pathogenic usually,
but may cause
congenital defects.
AIDS related
EBV
glandular
fever,
Burkitt's lymphoma
and nasopharyngeal
carcinoma
The major members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
MAN(3)
5. human
herpesvirus 6
AIDS related
Abbrevi- Sub- Clinical
ation
family syndromes
HHV 6?
HHV 7?
HHV 8
Kaposi sarcoma,
AIDS related
The major members of the herpesviridae
according to host and major disease
patterns
Host/virus
Abbrevi- Sub- Clinical
ation
family syndromes
MONKEY
1. B virus
2. herpes saimiri
oral
ulcers
in
monkeys,
fatal encephalitis
in man
not pathogenic for
some
species,
lymphomas
in
others
Equid herpesvirus 1
(1)
This is the most common cause of
abortion in mares in the U.K. It
also causes respiratory disease and,
more rarely, paresis
Equid herpesvirus 1
(2)
This is the most common cause of
abortion in mares in the U.K. It
also causes respiratory disease and,
more rarely, paresis
Equid herpesvirus 4
This virus cannot be distinguished from
EHV 1 by polyclonal sera - but can be
distinguished by mAbs, PCR probes and by
RE profile. It is more prevalent than EHV 1
(by a factor of 2) in the U.K., but in the
majority of cases it only causes respiratory
disease.
Bovid herpesvirus 1
Pathogenesis
Rhinotrachietis with lacrimation then
lymphocyte-associated viraemia and then
latency in cranial ganglia. Can cause 75%
mortality of feed lot cattle with
bronchpneumonia. Viraemia can spread to
cause meningo-encephalitis, especially in
calves, infectious pustular vulvovaginits and
abortion.
Bovid herpesvirus 2
(Bovine mammillitis virus)
Moist, raised erosions/plaques on teats with
spread to udder
A zoonosis of milkers.
Infection can be a perennial problem in winter
Bovid herpesvirus 3
(Malignant catarrhal fever virus)
Suid herpesvirus 1
*Notifiable.
Also known as Aujeszky's disease,
pseudorabies, "mad itch".
While this has been eradicated from mainland
Britain by a pig levy and area eradication
scheme it is still present in much of Europe and
Ireland.
Canid herpesvirus 1
Felid herpesvirus 1
The virus is widespread within the feline
population. It affects the upper respiratory tract
but erosions affect the bronchii and interstital
pneumonia can result. Latent infections can be
reactivated during boarding.. Infections are
often concurrent with calicivirus and chlamydial
infections.
Herpes B Virus
Monkeys. Asiatic (old world) monkeys (eg
macaques and rhesus) are the natural hosts. In the
wild only 10% of the population carry latent virus in
ganglia/have antibodies; but in captive colonies,
where monkeys are kept at high density, the
prevalence is frequently 60%.
The lesions in monkeys are oral focal erosions, very
similar to cold sores of man. New world monkeys,
like man, die with encephalitis and do not excrete
salivary virus.
Summary
 EHV1 is a disease not only of the resp tract but also causes
abortion storms and paresis. Vaccines are not good and so the
Jockey club has regs re isolation and transport after abortions
 IBR causes a spectrum of disease and live vaccines can
reduce disease.
 Porcine herpevirus 1 is a notifiable disease which cause
abortion in sows and some fatalies after encephalitis in piglets
and fatal pseudorabies in carnovores and ruminants. It has
been eradicated from GB, but not N.Ireland.
 Feline herpes can be reactivated during boarding to cause
erosive lesions
 Herpesvirus B only causes oral lesions in monkeys, but
causes a fatal encephalitis in man.