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Social Capital Social Capital • This is a paradigm used to explain differences in health and illness between social groups. • It is a sociological theory that states that the quantity and quality of a person’s social relationships and social networks play an important part in their maintenance of health and at the same time provide resources for their recovery from illness. Social Capital • The idea is that the more people you know and the type of people you know will affect your health. • For example, if you have lots of friends and work in a professional environment, you are more likely to have access to information about health and good health care. Social Capital • Social networks influence disease patterns: 1. Forces of social influence 2. Levels of social engagement and participation 3. Regulation of contact with infectious disease 4. Access to material goods & resources Social Capital • Social relationships & affiliation have powerful effects on physical and mental health. • Often social networks, social support, social ties & social integration are used interchangeably (but they are different). • Attachment theory (Bowlby) – universal human need to form close affectional bonds. Created in childhood, adult equivalent = marriage (offers security). Measurement of Social Capital • Network analysis (structure & composition of the network) – focuses on the characteristic patterns of ties between actors in a social system rather than on characteristics of the individual actors themselves and use these descriptions to study how these social structures constrain network members’ behaviour. Social Capital • Problems: – Needs to describe more precisely the linkages between health, social membership and social psychological well being – Needs to give a more coherent account of these social relationships Related Terms • Cultural Capital – This refers to the familiarity someone has with the dominant culture in a society, particularly the ability to understand and use ‘educated’ language. – The more cultural capital you have the greater your educational achievements • Educational Capital – Research on his area indicates that it isn’t necessarily the schools that impact upon a child’s educational attainment but the support and influence the child gets from his/her parents and the other parents in a school.