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11
PART A
The Cardiovascular
System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University
ESSENTIALS
OF HUMAN
ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY
EIGHTH EDITION
ELAINE N. MARIEB
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Cardiovascular System
 A closed system of the heart and blood
vessels
 The heart pumps blood
 Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to
all parts of the body
 The function of the cardiovascular
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
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The Heart
Location
_________ between the _____
Pointed ____ directed toward
___________
About the size of your fist
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The Heart
Figure 11.1
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The Heart: Coverings
 ______________ – a double serous
membrane
 _______________________
 Next to heart
 _______________________
 Outside layer
 ______ ________fills the space between the
layers of pericardium
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The Heart: Heart Wall
 Three layers
 _____________
 Outside layer
 This layer is the parietal pericardium
 ________________________
 _____________
 Middle layer
 Mostly ___________________
 _____________
 Inner layer
 ______________
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External Heart Anatomy
Figure 11.2a
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The Heart: Chambers
 Right and left side act as separate pumps
 Four chambers
 _________
 __________ chambers
 Right atrium
 Left atrium
 _______________
 ___________ chambers
 Right ventricle
 Left ventricle
Figure 11.2c
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Blood Circulation
Figure 11.3
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The Heart: Valves
 Allow blood to flow in only one direction
 Four valves
 __________________ valves – between atria
and ventricles
 _________________(left)
 __________________(right)
 ____________________between ventricle and
artery
 _______________semilunar valve
 _________semilunar valve
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The Heart: Valves
Valves open as blood is pumped
through
Held in place by _________
___________ (“heart strings”)
Close to prevent ___________
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Operation of Heart Valves
Figure 11.4
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The Heart: Associated Great Vessels
 ________
 Leaves left ventricle
 ____________________
 Leave right ventricle
 ___________
 Enters right atrium
 ___________________(four)
 Enter left atrium
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Coronary Circulation
 Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish
the myocardium
 The heart has its own nourishing circulatory
system
 Coronary arteries
 Cardiac veins
 Blood empties into the right atrium via the
coronary sinus
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Heart Contractions
Contraction is initiated by the
____________ ______
Sequential stimulation occurs
at other autorhythmic cells
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Heart Contractions
Figure 11.5
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Filling of Heart Chambers – the Cardiac
Cycle
Figure 11.6
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The Heart: Cardiac Cycle
Atria contract simultaneously
Atria relax, then ventricles
contract
_________ = contraction
_________ = relaxation
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The Heart: Cardiac Output
 Cardiac output (CO)
 Amount of blood pumped by each side of
the heart in one minute
 CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume
[SV])
 Stroke volume
 Volume of blood pumped by each
ventricle in one contraction
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Cardiac Output Regulation
Figure 11.7
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