* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapt05 Lecture 13ed Pt 2
Cardiovascular disease wikipedia , lookup
Management of acute coronary syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Heart failure wikipedia , lookup
Artificial heart valve wikipedia , lookup
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia wikipedia , lookup
Coronary artery disease wikipedia , lookup
Electrocardiography wikipedia , lookup
Antihypertensive drug wikipedia , lookup
Mitral insufficiency wikipedia , lookup
Myocardial infarction wikipedia , lookup
Quantium Medical Cardiac Output wikipedia , lookup
Cardiac surgery wikipedia , lookup
Lutembacher's syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Heart arrhythmia wikipedia , lookup
Atrial septal defect wikipedia , lookup
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries wikipedia , lookup
Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels Lecture Outline Part 2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump How does blood flow through the heart? • • • • • • Inferior and superior vena cava (1) dump blood into the ____ atrium (2) Right ________ (3) 2 _______________ (4) that lead to the lungs (5) where blood becomes oxygenated _______________ (6) bring blood from the lungs back to the _____ atrium (7) Left ___________ (8) is large and muscular to pump blood into the aorta (9) and to the ________ _________ Eventually blood will be pumped back to each vena cava (1) 2 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump Visualizing blood flow through the heart Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery superior vena cava aorta cardiac muscle cell mitochondrion intercalated disk left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery (b): © Dr. Don W. Fawcett/Visuals Unlimited right pulmonary veins semilunar valve left atrium right atrium gap junction atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve chordae tendineae b. papillary muscles right ventricle septum left ventricle inferior vena cava a. Figure 5.4 The heart is a double pump. 3 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump How do the structure of the vessels and heart match their functions? • The left ventricle is much more __________ than the right ventricle because it must pump blood to the entire body. • The ________ are more muscular than _____ to withstand the higher pressure exerted on them. • The veins have a thinner wall and a larger center to contain blood. 4 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump How does the heartbeat occur? • During ________, the atria contract together followed by the ventricles contracting together. • This is followed by _______, a rest phase, when the chambers relax. • This cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, occurs 70 times/minute on average. 5 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump What is the cardiac cycle? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. aortic semilunar valve semilunar valves close (“dup”) pulmonary trunk bicuspid valve semilunar superior vena cava valves aorta left atrium right atrium left ventricle right atrium inferior vena cava c. a. right ventricle pulmonary trunk d. aorta atrioventricular (AV) valves close (“lub”) b. represents contraction d: © Biophoto Associates/ Photo Researchers Figure 5.5 The stages of the cardiac cycle. 6 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump How is the heartbeat controlled? • Internal control: • The ________ in the right atrium initiates the heartbeat and causes the atria to contract. • This impulse reaches the _______, also in the right atrium, to send a signal down the AV bundle and Purkinje fibers that causes ventricular contraction. • These impulses travel between gap junctions at intercalated disks. 7 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump How is the heartbeat controlled? External control: • Heartbeat is also controlled by a cardiac center in the brain and hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. 8 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump Visualizing the heartbeat Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. SA node AV node branches of atrioventricular bundle Purkinje fibers a. Figure 5.6a An electrical signal pathway through the heart. 9 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump Visualizing the gap junctions at the intercalated disks Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. gap junction b. Figure 5.4b The heart is a double pump. 10 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)? • It is a record of the _____________ in the heart muscle during a cardiac cycle. • The atria produce an electrical current, called the ________, when stimulated by the SA node. • The contraction of the ventricles is the ______ ___________ • The recovery of the ventricles is called the ___ _______ • Looking at these electrical changes allows doctors to detect abnormalities. 11 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump What does a normal ECG look like? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. R T P Q SA node S AV node b. Normal ECG b: © Ed Reschke branches of atrioventricular bundle Purkinje fibers a. Figure 5.6a-b An electrical signal pathway through the heart. 12 5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System What is blood pressure? • It is the pressure against a blood vessel wall, usually measured in an artery of the arm. • The highest pressure, called the systolic pressure, is during blood ejection from the heart. • The lowest pressure, the diastolic pressure, occurs when the ________ relax. • Average blood pressure is recorded at about 120/80 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). • Reminder: this is controlled by the arterioles. 13 5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System What is blood pressure? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. column of mercury indicating pressure in mm Hg 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 no sounds (artery closed) systole diastole sounds heard (artery opening) no sounds (artery open) inflatable rubber cuff Sounds are heard with stethoscope. © Comstock Images/PictureQuest Figure 5.7 Sphygmomanometers measure blood pressure. 14