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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
Heart
Anatomy
Blood Flow
and Blood
Vessels
Action
Potentials in
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Cycle
and Heart
Sounds
Cardiac
Output
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Prepared by Frank J. Torrano, American River College
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
FINAL ROUND
Heart Anatomy:
$100 Question
The right atrium receives blood from the
________ circuit through the ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
systemic; great cardiac veins
pulmonary; pulmonary veins
systemic; superior and inferior vena cavae
pulmonary; superior and inferior vena cavae
ANSWER
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Heart Anatomy:
$100 Answer
The right atrium receives blood from the
________ circuit through the ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
systemic; great cardiac veins
pulmonary; pulmonary veins
systemic; superior and inferior vena cavae
pulmonary; superior and inferior vena cavae
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Heart Anatomy:
$200 Question
Which of the following structures is found
between the right atrium and right ventricle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
tricuspid valve
mitral valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
bicuspid valve
ANSWER
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Heart Anatomy:
$200 Answer
Which of the following structures is found
between the right atrium and right ventricle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
tricuspid valve
mitral valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
bicuspid valve
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Heart Anatomy:
$300 Question
What cardiac structure consists of dense bands
of elastic connective tissue that encircle the
bases of the large blood vessels, which carry
blood away from the heart?
a.
b.
c.
d.
visceral pericardium
mediastinum
parietal pericardium
cardiac skeleton
ANSWER
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Heart Anatomy:
$300 Answer
What cardiac structure consists of dense bands
of elastic connective tissue that encircle the
bases of the large blood vessels, which carry
blood away from the heart?
a.
b.
c.
d.
visceral pericardium
mediastinum
parietal pericardium
cardiac skeleton
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Heart Anatomy:
$400 Question
The layer of the wall of the heart, which contains
cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves,
is called the
a.
b.
c.
d.
epicardium.
myocardium.
pericardium.
endocardium.
ANSWER
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Heart Anatomy:
$400 Answer
The layer of the wall of the heart, which contains
cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves,
is called the
a.
b.
c.
d.
epicardium.
myocardium.
pericardium.
endocardium.
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Heart Anatomy:
$500 Question
Energy reserves in cardiac muscle cells are
stored as ________ and ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
glycogen; lipids
lipids; proteins
nucleic acids; lipids
glycogen; carbohydrates
ANSWER
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Heart Anatomy:
$500 Answer
Energy reserves in cardiac muscle cells are
stored as ________ and ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
glycogen; lipids
lipids; proteins
nucleic acids; lipids
glycogen; carbohydrates
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$100 Question
What vessels carry oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart?
a.
b.
c.
d.
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
vena cavae
coronary arteries
ANSWER
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$100 Answer
What vessels carry oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart?
a.
b.
c.
d.
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
vena cavae
coronary arteries
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$200 Question
What coronary vessel supplies the interventricular
septum?
a.
b.
c.
d.
marginal interventricular artery
left coronary artery
posterior descending artery
right coronary artery
ANSWER
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$200 Answer
What coronary vessel supplies the interventricular
septum?
a.
b.
c.
d.
marginal interventricular artery
left coronary artery
posterior descending artery
right coronary artery
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$300 Question
Into which of the following structures does the
coronary sinus open?
a. the right atrium near the base of the superior vena
cava
b. the left ventricle
c. the right atrium near the base of the inferior vena
cava
d. the pulmonary trunk near the aortic semilunar valve
ANSWER
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$300 Answer
Into which of the following structures does the
coronary sinus open?
a. the right atrium near the base of the superior vena
cava
b. the left ventricle
c. the right atrium near the base of the inferior vena
cava
d. the pulmonary trunk near the aortic semilunar valve
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$400 Question
What happens when the left ventricle contracts?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The distance between the heart's base and apex decreases,
and the diameter of the ventricular chamber increases.
The distance between the heart's base and apex decreases,
and the diameter of the ventricular chamber decreases.
The distance between the heart's base and apex increases,
and the diameter of the ventricular chamber decreases.
The distance between the heart's base and apex increases,
and the diameter of the ventricular chamber increases.
ANSWER
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$400 Answer
What happens when the left ventricle contracts?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The distance between the heart's base and apex decreases,
and the diameter of the ventricular chamber increases.
The distance between the heart's base and apex
decreases, and the diameter of the ventricular chamber
decreases.
The distance between the heart's base and apex increases,
and the diameter of the ventricular chamber decreases.
The distance between the heart's base and apex increases,
and the diameter of the ventricular chamber increases.
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$500 Question
During mitral valve prolapse, some regurgitation
of blood occurs during contraction of the
a.
b.
c.
d.
left ventricle.
left atrium.
right atrium.
right ventricle.
ANSWER
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Blood Flow and Blood Vessels:
$500 Answer
During mitral valve prolapse, some regurgitation
of blood occurs during contraction of the
a.
b.
c.
d.
left ventricle.
left atrium.
right atrium.
right ventricle.
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$100 Question
Due to the refractory period, a normal cardiac
muscle cell is limited to a maximum rate of how
many contractions per minute?
a.
b.
c.
d.
approximately 25
approximately 200
approximately 100
approximately 350
ANSWER
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$100 Answer
Due to the refractory period, a normal cardiac
muscle cell is limited to a maximum rate of how
many contractions per minute?
a.
b.
c.
d.
approximately 25
approximately 200
approximately 100
approximately 350
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$200 Question
Periods of cardiac muscle contraction continue
until
a.
b.
c.
d.
rapid depolarization ends.
the plateau ends.
the plateau begins.
repolarization ends.
ANSWER
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$200 Answer
Periods of cardiac muscle contraction continue
until
a.
b.
c.
d.
rapid depolarization ends.
the plateau ends.
the plateau begins.
repolarization ends.
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$300 Question
What ECG characteristic wave pattern appears
as the ventricles depolarize?
a.
b.
c.
d.
P wave
nodal wave
QRS complex
T wave
ANSWER
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$300 Answer
What ECG characteristic wave pattern appears
as the ventricles depolarize?
a.
b.
c.
d.
P wave
nodal wave
QRS complex
T wave
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$400 Question
Approximately how long does it take for an action
potential to travel from the sinoatrial node to the
atrioventricular node?
a.
b.
c.
d.
50 µsec
500 nanosec
200 µsec
50 msec
ANSWER
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$400 Answer
Approximately how long does it take for an action
potential to travel from the sinoatrial node to the
atrioventricular node?
a.
b.
c.
d.
50 µsec
500 nanosec
200 µsec
50 msec
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$500 Question
Regarding ECG results, possible heart muscle
enlargement is indicated by which of the
following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
rapid hyperpolarizations
excessively strong depolarizations
weak repolarizations
excessively strong repolarizations
ANSWER
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Action Potentials in Cardiac Muscle:
$500 Answer
Regarding ECG results, possible heart muscle
enlargement is indicated by which of the
following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
rapid hyperpolarizations
excessively strong depolarizations
weak repolarizations
excessively strong repolarizations
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$100 Question
The cardiac cycle begins with what event?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ventricular systole
ventricular diastole
atrial systole
atrial diastole
ANSWER
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$100 Answer
The cardiac cycle begins with what event?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ventricular systole
ventricular diastole
atrial systole
atrial diastole
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$200 Question
What heart sound marks the start of ventricular
systole?
a.
b.
c.
d.
second heart sound
third heart sound
fourth heart sound
first heart sound
ANSWER
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$200 Answer
What heart sound marks the start of ventricular
systole?
a.
b.
c.
d.
second heart sound
third heart sound
fourth heart sound
first heart sound
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$300 Question
The phase of the cardiac cycle when a chamber
fills with blood and prepares for the start of the
cardiac cycle is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
systole.
repolarization.
diastole.
depolarization.
ANSWER
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$300 Answer
The phase of the cardiac cycle when a chamber
fills with blood and prepares for the start of the
cardiac cycle is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
systole.
repolarization.
diastole.
depolarization.
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$400 Question
Rising blood pressure inside the ventricles
a. simultaneously opens the atrioventricular and
semilunar valves.
b. first closes the atrioventricular valves and then opens
the semilunar valves.
c. first closes the semilunar valves and then opens the
atrioventricular valves.
d. simultaneously closes the atrioventricular and
semilunar valves.
ANSWER
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$400 Answer
Rising blood pressure inside the ventricles
a. simultaneously opens the atrioventricular and
semilunar valves.
b. first closes the atrioventricular valves and then
opens the semilunar valves.
c. first closes the semilunar valves and then opens the
atrioventricular valves.
d. simultaneously closes the atrioventricular and
semilunar valves.
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$500 Question
During what phase of the cardiac cycle are all the
chambers relaxed, so that the ventricles fill
passively?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ventricular systole – second phase
ventricular diastole – early
end of atrial systole
ventricular diastole – late
ANSWER
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds:
$500 Answer
During what phase of the cardiac cycle are all the
chambers relaxed, so that the ventricles fill
passively?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ventricular systole – second phase
ventricular diastole – early
end of atrial systole
ventricular diastole – late
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Cardiac Output:
$100 Question
Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the
amount of blood pumped by the ________ in
________ .
a.
b.
c.
d.
right ventricle; 1 beat
left ventricle; 1 beat
left ventricle; 1 minute
right ventricle; 1 minute
ANSWER
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Cardiac Output:
$100 Answer
Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the
amount of blood pumped by the ________ in
________ .
a.
b.
c.
d.
right ventricle; 1 beat
left ventricle; 1 beat
left ventricle; 1 minute
right ventricle; 1 minute
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Cardiac Output:
$200 Question
The primary effect of parasympathetic
acetylcholine release is
a.
b.
c.
d.
inhibition.
depolarization.
excitation.
repolarization.
ANSWER
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Cardiac Output:
$200 Answer
The primary effect of parasympathetic
acetylcholine release is
a.
b.
c.
d.
inhibition.
depolarization.
excitation.
repolarization.
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Cardiac Output:
$300 Question
What extracellular ion imbalance causes powerful
and prolonged heart contractions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
hypokalemia
hyperkalemia
hypocalemia
hypercalcemia
ANSWER
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Cardiac Output:
$300 Answer
What extracellular ion imbalance causes powerful
and prolonged heart contractions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
hypokalemia
hyperkalemia
hypocalemia
hypercalcemia
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Cardiac Output:
$400 Question
Autonomic effects on heart rate primarily reflect
the responses of the ________ node to
________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
sinoatrial; acetylcholine and norepinephrine
atrioventricular; dopamine and acetylcholine
sinoatrial; norepinephrine and dopamine
atrioventricular; acetylcholine and
norepinephrine
ANSWER
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Cardiac Output:
$400 Answer
Autonomic effects on heart rate primarily reflect
the responses of the ________ node to
________.
a. sinoatrial; acetylcholine and
norepinephrine
b. atrioventricular; dopamine and acetylcholine
c. sinoatrial; norepinephrine and dopamine
d. atrioventricular; acetylcholine and
norepinephrine
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Cardiac Output:
$500 Question
A patient's cardiac output is 5000 mL/min., based
on a heart rate of 100 beats/min. and a stroke
volume of 50 mL/beat. Which of the following will
not change her cardiac output?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Keep HR the same and increase SV to 70.
Increase HR to 120 and keep SV the same.
Decrease HR to 50 and increase SV to 100.
Increase HR to 100 and increase SV to 80.
ANSWER
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Cardiac Output:
$500 Answer
A patient's cardiac output is 5000 mL/min., based
on a heart rate of 100 beats/min. and a stroke
volume of 50 mL/beat. Which of the following will
not change her cardiac output?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Keep HR the same and increase SV to 70.
Increase HR to 120 and keep SV the same.
Decrease HR to 50 and increase SV to 100.
Increase HR to 100 and increase SV to 80.
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FINAL ROUND Question
What is the correct sequence of events as a
stimulus for contraction moves through the heart?
1 – Impulse travels along interventricular septum within AV bundle
and bundle branches to Purkinje fibers.
2 – Impulse distributed and relayed throughout ventricular
myocardium; ventricular contraction begins.
3 – 100-msec delay at AV node; atrial contraction begins.
4 – SA node activity and atrial activation begin.
5 – Stimulus spreads across atrial surfaces and reaches AV node.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5-4-3-1-2
2-1-3-5-4
4-5-3-1-2
4-5-1-3-2
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ANSWER
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FINAL ROUND Answer
What is the correct sequence of events as a
stimulus for contraction moves through the heart?
1 – Impulse travels along interventricular septum within AV bundle
and bundle branches to Purkinje fibers.
2 – Impulse distributed and relayed throughout ventricular
myocardium; ventricular contraction begins.
3 – 100-msec delay at AV node; atrial contraction begins.
4 – SA node activity and atrial activation begin.
5 – Stimulus spreads across atrial surfaces and reaches AV node.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5-4-3-1-2
2-1-3-5-4
4-5-3-1-2
4-5-1-3-2
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