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Chapter 17, Section 1 The Body’s Transportation System Monday, March 15, 2010 Pages 536 -- 542 Objectives • Describe the function of the cardiovascular system. • Describe the structure of the heart and explain its function. • Describe the origin of the heartbeat and why the heart rate changes during exercise. • Trace the path taken by blood through the circulatory system. Vocabulary Words • Cardiovascular system • Heart • Atrium • Ventricle • Valve • • • • • Pacemaker Artery Capillary Vein Aorta The Cardiovascular System • Also known as the Circulatory System. • Made up of: • Heart • Blood vessels • Blood • Carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. Movement of Materials • Substances that need to get from one part of the body to another are carried by the blood. • Wastes are also picked up and expelled through exhalation. • Transports cells that attack diseasecausing microorganisms. Cardiovascular System QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Blood vessels reach the entire body. • RED represents arteries. Arteries are oxygen-rich. • BLUE represents veins. Veins are oxygen-poor. The Heart QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Hollow, muscular organ. • Pumps blood throughout the body. • Size of your fist. • Located in the center of your chest. The Heart’s Structure • The heart has two sides: right and left. • Each side is completely separated from each other by a wall of tissue. • Each side has two compartments called chambers. • There is an upper and lower chamber on each side. – The upper chambers are called atria (atrium singular). – The lower chambers are called ventricles. The Heart QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. The Atrium • The atria are separated from the ventricles by valves. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. – Valves are flaps of tissue that prevents the backflow of blood. • The atria receive blood that comes into the heart. The Ventricles QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Located in the lower portion of the heart. • Pumps blood out of the heart. How The Heart Works • Two main phases. – Heart muscles relax and the atria fill with blood. – The atria contract and fill the ventricles and the ventricles contract to pump blood forward. (The sound of your heartbeat is made by this pumping phase.) • This process happens in less than a second. The Valve QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • It is a flap of tissue that prevents the backflow of blood. Pacemaker QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • A group of cells located in the right atrium. • Constantly receives messages about the body’s oxygen needs. • Heart rate is adjusted to match needs. Two Loops • Body has three kinds of blood vessels: – ARTERIES -- blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. – CAPILLARIES -- substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells. – VEINS -- blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart Two Loops -- cont’d • Blood flows through the body in a figure eight pattern. • The heart is at the center where the two loops cross. Loop One • Blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. – Blood from the body flowing into the right atrium is oxygenpoor (low oxygen and high carbon dioxide) – Oxygen-poor blood is dark red. Loop One -- cont’d • Flow of blood: – Right atrium ---> right ventricle ---> arteries towards the lungs ---> capillaries close to the lungs ---> picks up oxygen from the lungs (the blood is now oxygen-rich) ---> carbon dioxide moves from blood into the lungs (and carbon dioxide-poor) ---> blood (bright red now) flows to the left side to be pumped through Loop Two. Loop Two • Blood flows to the body and back. – Left atrium fills with oxygen-rich blood coming from the lungs ---> left ventricle --> aorta (largest artery in the body) ---> branching arteries and tiny capillaries in different parts of the body ---> oxygen moves out of the blood and into the body cells ---> carbon dioxide passes from the body cells into the blood ---> blood flows back to the right atrium through veins. Homework • Workbook 17.1 (3/17) • Vocabulary quiz 17.1 (3/17)