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Human Circulatory System Transport Life function by which human beings absorb and distribute the materials necessary to maintain life. “Closed system” with one muscular pump Heart(4 chambers) Network of blood vessels Arteries Carry blood AWAY from the heart – to body tissues Thick walled & elastic contain cardiac muscle tissues these muscles enable the artery to maintain blood flow via rhythmic contractions = pulse Veins Carry blood TO the heart – away from body tissues - thin walled and less elastic - NO muscle tissues - muscles surrounding the veins contract to squeeze blood through veins - One way valves – prevent backflow within the vein if the veins are defective the blood flows back and veins dilate (varicose veins) Capillaries Connect arteries to veins smallest vessels with thin walls only one cell thick diffusion occurs through the walls of capillaries into cells branch from the ends of small arteries and carry oxygenated blood to all tissues in the body Types of Circulation 1) Systemic ♥ aorta to body systems veins ♥ 2) Pulmonary ♥pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein ♥ 3) Coronary – supply blood to the heart itself Lymphatic System Carry lymph to and from body tissues all cells are suspended in ICF = intracellular fluid contain valves (similar to veins) to aid in movement place where lymph vessels are enlarged and gathered in masses = lymph nodes at specific parts of the body contain phagocytic white blood cells that attack and destroy bacteria in lymph The Human Heart Size of your fist Center of the chest – (slightly to the Left) “pump” made of muscle = myocardium membrane enclosing it = pericardium 4 Chambers Atria = Right atrium/Left atrium (upper) Ventricles = Right ventricle/Left ventricle (lower) Valves Tricuspid – RA & RV Mitral – LA & LV ** The heart is a double pump* Flow of Blood Veins Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Right Atrium * Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Lungs (to get oxygen) **via the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery ** In the lungs the blood passes through capillaries, where gas exchange occurs by oxygenating blood and removing CO2 from the blood blood then returns via the pulmonary vein Left Atrium Left Ventricle Aorta ** via the aortic valve http://medtropolis.com/VBody.asp http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/a387_l2-circulatory-system.html Right side of the heart receives O2 deficient blood and transports it to the lungs picks up O2 * Left side of the heart receives O2 rich blood and transports it to the body For each heartbeat: Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Diastolic pressure is minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood. Heartbeat contractions = systole relaxation = diastole S 120 BP = ---- = ---D 80 (normal BP) Blood Pressure Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood moves through arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins. Heart valves open and close heart sounds like “lub dub” **Abnormal blood flow through the heart = murmur Pacemaker – triggers heart beat EKG (electrocardiogram) – measures voltages through the heart coronary arteries to heart muscle heart sounds Heartbeat or pulse is influenced by drugs, exercise and illness Ex: high BP, low BP, physical activity, obesity, ephedrine, drugs ** Exercise increases the heart rate to increase blood flow to muscles and deliver more O2 Disorders of the Cardiovascular System Atherosclerosis Stroke Heart Attack Hypertension Blood Liquid tissue 55% plasma = clear liquid 90% water 10% nutrients, salts, hormones, wastes and proteins 45% Cells = 3 types Red blood Cells – RBC - very numerous - disc shaped - no nuclei - contain hemoglobin – red pigment, carries O2 - live for 120 days – need to be made all the time - requires Fe (iron) to make hemoglobin *not enough Fe = Anemia (decreased RBC’s) * Sickle cell anemia = genetic disease – abnormal hemoglobin causes cells to sickle White Blood Cells – protect the body from disease = defenders - fewer in # than rbc’s - have a nucleus - larger than rbc’s - phagocytize bacteria - made in bone marrow and lymph * Leukemia – cancer caused by increased production Platelets – small, noncellular components of blood ** important to clotting ICF – Intracellular fluid – rich in salts ICF drains from tissues within lymphatic vessels, where it is known as lymph Blood Groups ABO classification Blood Type Antigen A A B B AB A&B O None • Antibody Anti-B Anti-A none Anti-A/Anti-B Rh factor=+ (85%) OR – (15%) is another antigen Blood Transfusions Blood Type Donate to Receive from A A & AB A&O B B & AB B&O AB (universal recipient) AB A,B,O,AB O (universal donor) A,B,AB,O O