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Universe Recap / Objects in the Universe Universe / Gravity Recap • Which planet has the lowest gravity? • Pluto (Dwarf Planet) • Which planet has the highest gravity? • Jupiter • On which planet were you the “lightest”? • Pluto • On which object were you the “heaviest”? • Neutron Star • Why do you think you were the heaviest on that object? • It has the most gravity Universe / Gravity Recap • Define mass • How much matter an object contains • Define Weight • Force of attraction between you and the Earth • What does the force of gravity depend on? • Your mass • Mass of the Planet you’re on • Distance from the center of the planet • What equation can we use to determine the force due to gravity? • F = Mm r2 Universe / Gravity Recap • Between mass and weight which one changes depending on which planet you’re on? • Weight. Mass stays constant but weight depends on gravity • Why did you have to jump 5 times? • To eliminate any experimental errors Universe / Gravity Recap • On which moon/planet could you jump the furthest? • Moon • On which planet would you jump the shortest? • Jupiter • Why would you jump the shortest on that planet? • It has more gravity so you would be “weighed” down. Objects in the Universe • Planets • Moons • Small Bodies in solar system with weak gravity and no atmosphere • • • • Dwarf Planets Comets Asteroids Meteoroids What is a planet? • A planet is a celestial body that • (a) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity assumes a nearly round shape, and • (b) is in orbit around a star, and is neither a star nor a satellite of a planet • But with this, Pluto should be a planet. Theory changed • A planet is a celestial body that • (a) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity assumes a nearly round shape, and • (b) is in orbit around a star, and is neither a star nor a satellite of a planet, and • (c) has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit • Is pluto a planet then? Objects in the Universe • Planets • Moons • Small Bodies in solar system with weak gravity and no atmosphere • • • • Dwarf Planets Comets Asteroids Meteoroids Dwarf Planets • Orbits sun • Has own gravity • Not enough mass to clear items out of orbit • 5 Dwarf planets Comets • Small body of ice, rocks and dust • “Dirty Snowballs” • Gives off dust and gas in form of a tail when it gets close to the sun • Tail always points away from the sun Asteroids • Small, irregularly shaped, rocky object • Most are located between Mars and Jupiter • Asteroid Belt • Hundreds of thousands of asteroids • 570km to 4 m in diameter Meteroid • Rocky Body that varies in size. Smaller than asteroid • Enters Earths atmosphere and can become either a meteor or meteorite • Meteor: Bright streak of light. Meteroid burns up as it enters atmosphere • Meteorite: Meteroid that reaches Earths surface and doesn’t burn up