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2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules The topic or heading will always be at the top of the Powerpoint. Include the # Ex: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: Define atom, and identify its main parts and their functions Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! Define atom, and identify its main parts and their functions Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. Please draw and label an atom on pg. 10 (don’t take up the whole page!) energy level 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Fun Fact • It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure… • Protons- in the nucleus. Positively charged (+) • Neutrons-in the nucleus. Neutrally charged (no charge) • Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level. Negatively charged (-) 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Energy levels: electrons are located here. Inner levels only have 2 electrons, other levels hold up to 8. Oxygen atom (O) outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) Nucleus: 8 protons (+) 8 neutrons Energy Levels inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules What can you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers? Iron 26 P 26 E 30 N Tin 50 P 50 E 69 N Gold 79 P 79 E 118 N Proton # = Electron # !!!! P Aluminum 13 13 E 14 N 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules *Atoms have equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons so they are... electrically neutral!!!! +5 + (-5) = ??? +5 + (-5) = 0 Gold 79 P 79 E 118 N 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • An element is one or more atoms of the same type. – It cannot be broken down into a simpler substances – Ex: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron… gold aluminum 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons they have. The proton # never varies. Iron 26 P 26 E 30 N Tin 13 P Aluminum 13 E 14 N 50 P 50 E 69 N Gold 79 P 79 E 118 N Ex: Gold has 79 protons no matter what 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. covalent covalent Hydrogen 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • A compound is made of 2 or more different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20 • Carbon dioxide (CO2) – water (H2O) _ – -carbon dioxide (CO2) O H + H + O C O 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • All compounds are molecules • NOT all molecules are compounds – Ex: O2 O O * Remember compounds are composed of 2 different elements Atoms Positive charge Proton Nucleus: most mass of atom Atom: smallest basic unit of matter Neutron # identifies element No electrical charge About same size as proton Is surrounded by Negative charge Cloud: most volume of atom Electrons Energy Levels # equals # of protons Forms chemical bonds Inner level only 2 Protons Other levels up to 8 Protons Tries to fill outer level 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules HOMEWORK On pg. 10 please create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting compounds and molecules. Compounds molecules 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Double-bubble map comparing and contrasting compounds and molecules Involve two or more different elements Both involve bonding atoms Compounds molecules Atoms in both Atoms held together by covalent bonds molecules Not all molecules are compounds 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 13 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules The topic or heading will always be at the top of the Powerpoint. Include the # Ex: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding. Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements? Aluminum Iron Tin A: Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons they have. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms. • They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are: • They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape • Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy) • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle movement in your body 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-) + 11 p 11 P (+) 10 E (-) 17 p 17 P (+) 18 E (-) 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Positive Ions: If an atom has few electrons in its outer energy levels it tends to lose those electrons and become a POSITIVELY charged ion Negative Ions: If an atom has a nearly full outer energy level it tends to gain electrons and become a NEGATIVELY charged ion Energy level 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules *An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules *An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules • Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O. “Opposites Attract!!!!” Now we have salt!!!! 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules covalent bonds • Share electrons in outer energy level • Can have multiple bonds • Strong bonds covalent covalent H2O Aka Water! Hydrogen 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules CLASSWORK On pg. 13 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds Bonds ions Form between oppositely charged ions Dissolve in H2O bonding Share electrons Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Bond atoms Strong Bond 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Turn to pg. 12 of your I.N.B Under the picture of the positive and negative ionPlease title it “Science Matters” “Science Matters” 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules “Science Matters” • Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons. • • • • 1. Nitrogen: Protons: 7 Neutrons: 7 Electrons: 7 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules “Science Matters” • Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons. • • • • 1. Nitrogen: Protons: 7 Neutrons: 7 Electrons: 7 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Classwork • Complete “Science Matters” worksheet – 3 Atom pictures – 10 multiple choice questions · Write the ? and the answer • When you are done you are to work on your summaries for 2.1 (you need 2) and complete any unfinished double-bubble maps • Questions (4-6) • Table of Contents complete