* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 2.6.4bcd Ocean Acidification and Sea Level Rise Piper
Climate change and agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Media coverage of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on human health wikipedia , lookup
Scientific opinion on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Global warming hiatus wikipedia , lookup
Global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in the Arctic wikipedia , lookup
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on humans wikipedia , lookup
Instrumental temperature record wikipedia , lookup
Public opinion on global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change, industry and society wikipedia , lookup
Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and poverty wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change feedback wikipedia , lookup
2.6.4b & 2.6.4c Ocean Acidification and Sea Level Rise Ocean acidification is the name given to the ongoing ______________________ in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. Draw the pH Scale How does the Acid get into the Ocean in the first place? Since the ____________________________ began, it is estimated that surface ocean pH has dropped by slightly more than 0.1 units on the logarithmic scale of pH, representing an approximately 29% increase in H+, and it is estimated that it will drop by a further 0.3 to 0.5 pH units (an additional doubling to tripling of today's post-industrial acid concentrations) by 2100. These changes are predicted to continue rapidly as the oceans take up more anthropogenic _________ from the atmosphere. Over the last decade, scientists have discovered that this excess CO2 is actually changing the ________________ of the sea and proving harmful for many forms of marine life. This process is known as ocean acidification. Effects on Wildlife Corals, mussels, snails, sea urchins and other marine organisms use _______________ (Ca) and carbonate (CO3) in seawater to construct their calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells or skeletons. As the pH decreases, carbonate becomes __________ available, which makes it more difficult for organisms to secrete CaCO3 to form their shells. A more acidic ocean could wipe out ________________, disrupt the food web and impact fishing, tourism and any other human endeavor that relies on the sea. The growing acidification of the oceans is a threat to ______________. This relatively healthy coral community on Australia's _____________________________ represents the current situation, with atmospheric CO2 concentration of __________ ppm. Mass bleaching has been observed in many places around the world, and coral reefs struggle to survive. Coral cover is currently at 60 percent or less of what it once was. At an atmospheric CO2 concentration of __________________ppm (which could be reached before 2050 based on current trends), the accelerated rate of coral erosion would lead to an overall decline worldwide, as in this location on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral cover will drop to less than 10 percent of what it once was. Once the atmospheric CO2 concentration exceeds ________ ppm, reef ecosystems will be exceedingly rare or non-existent; robbing many marine organisms of the habitat they need to survive. Coral reefs worldwide will collapse into rubble, as in this reef that once grew in an inshore region of the Great Barrier Reef. Sea Level and Climate change Between 1870 and 2004, Global average sea levels have risen _______cm. _________ main factors contributed to observed sea level rise. The first is thermal expansion: as ocean water warms, it ______________. The second is from the contribution of land-based ice due to increased ________________. The major store of water on land is found in glaciers and ice sheets Over the last several decades, evidence of ____________________________ on climate change has become increasingly clear and compelling. Warming of the climate system is well-_______________________--evident from increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising sea levels. This Aug. 2011 photo shows a flooded road on _______________________, N.C., after Hurricane Irene swept through the area the previous day cutting the roadway in five locations. From Cape Hatteras, N.C., to just north of Boston, sea levels are rising much faster than they are around the globe. Extra Extra…now hear this! In the news! ____________________________ tries to wish away sea-level rise US state proposes new law that would ___________ grim projections of a one-metre sea-level rise by the end of the century Some lawmakers will go to great lengths to deny the reality of climate change. But this week, North Carolina lawmakers reached new heights of denial, proposing a new law that would require estimates of sea level rise to be based only on historical data—not on all the evidence that demonstrates that the seas are rising much faster now thanks to global warming. Write why you think NC lawmakers would do this? 2.6.4 d Historical Sea Level Changes- Analyze how sea level has been affected by other earth processes such as glaciations and tectonic movements. Consider long- and short-term changes. Glaciation: o Sea water removed to form glaciers; glaciers melt ______________________ o Rate: mm/yr o Volume change: water o ! o During , a drop of 106m occurred. o Melting of Greenland and Antarctic would produce a _________________________ _____________________ o Sea shelf sinks under ice; rebounds when ice melts o Rate: 0.5-5mm/yr o Volume change: basin Change in Water Temperature o Approximately 2m change in sea level for one degree change in surface water temperature o Rate: __________ o Volume change: ________ o During Pleistocene, temperatures were ________________________, accounting for _____m lower sea levels just from ______________________. ______________________ o Addition of new water from volcanic activity; one-way change o Rate: _____________ o Volume change: ________ Shelf Margin Sinks and Rises o Affects broad areas, but not worldwide o Rate: ___________ o Volume change: __________ o _____________________ in Alaska raised the coast by more than 5m! Change in Rate of Spreading o Rate of seafloor spreading controls ________________________ o Rate: __________ o Volume change: _________ o The early Atlantic was shallow (____________________________) until the late Cretaceous (___________________________________________________) _________________________________ o Reduces basin size; o Typically a one-way change, sediments can be returned to continents through the ______________ o Rate: ________ o Volume change: ________ Subduction o Loss of _____________________________ or plastered to continental block; one-way change o Rate: ________ o Volume change: _________